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Chapter 29

Chapter 29 . Wilsonian Democracy. 1912. Woodrow Wilson, Governor of New Jersey, wins the American presidency Main agenda / Platform for America NEW FREEDOM Frame: Liberal / Progressive / Regulatory Issue: Taft vs. Roosevelt

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Chapter 29

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  1. Chapter 29 Wilsonian Democracy

  2. 1912 • Woodrow Wilson, Governor of New Jersey, wins the American presidency Main agenda / Platform for America NEW FREEDOM Frame: Liberal / Progressive / Regulatory Issue: Taft vs. Roosevelt TR: “Bull-Moose Party” pushed for progressive ideas just like Wilson’s New Freedom platform Main Difference involving TRUSTS and Personality Bull-Moose: New Freedom: TR: Wilson:

  3. Wilsonian Democracy Wilson wished to attack what he termed the “Triple Wall of Privilege": (1) tariffs (2) banks (3) trusts (1) Tariffs Underwood Act (a) reduced taxes on imported goods (b) laid out the rules for the 16th Amendment (2) Banks - not helped by the 1907 (TR) Panic. - Why blame TR? ___________________________________ - the need to set up a emergency reserve for currency should be placed.. - FEDERAL RESERVE ACT (1913) “Banker’s Bank” The law created the Federal Reserve Board (appointed by the president) which oversaw 12 regional, federal banks. The “Federal Reserve Board” was given the power to issue paper money (AKA "Federal Reserve Notes"). Thus, it could regulate the amount of money in circulation by issuing, or holding back, paper money.

  4. Wilsonian Democracy (3) Trusts - Federal Trade Commission (FTC) Goal: investigate activities of trusts “WATCHDOG” Hunting down issues of misleading information / false advertising / false stock options - Clayton Anti-Trust Act - provided more strength to the ineffective Sherman Anti-Trust Act Issues (1) no more “interlocking directorates” (2) no more “price discrimination” (3) LABOR UNIONS ARE LEGAL (and not considered trusts) (4) STRIKES ARE LEAGAL (peaceful assembly)

  5. Farmers and Workers get a boost under Wilsonian Democracy Farmers Federal Farm Loan Act: refinancing loans for farmers Workers Lafollette Seamen’s Act: (fair wage for sailors) Workingmen’s Compensation Act: (hurt on job - $) Adamson Act: (8 hour workday on a train engaged in interstate trade)

  6. Wilsons’ Foreign Policy Hated Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy Result: Got America to withdraw from a $6 million investment with China Hated TR’s Big Stick Diplomacy Result: Convinces Congress to repeal a previous act that allowed America to pass through the Panama Canal “toll-free” JONES ACT: - Wilson / Congress granted the Philippines “Territorial” status and finally granted independence on July 4, 1946.

  7. Moral Diplomacy in Mexico / Mexican Revolution For years, the resources of Mexico had been used by American oil, railroad, and mining businesses. The Mexican people were extremely poor and they revolted in 1913. Porfirio Diaz (Mexican leader from 1876-1911) - actually lost in 1876 - ran Mexico liked a dictator Francisco Madero, champion of Democracy, later President of Mexico (1911-1913), was assassinated by a Native American politician, General Huerta, TOOK the Presidency in (1913) Result: Massive immigration of Mexicans to Texas, New Mexico and Arizona

  8. Moral Diplomacy / Mexican Revolution • Wilson would not recognize any Latin American country that was undemocratic or oppressive to its own people. • This provided strength to famous Mexican revolutionaries known as • Emiliano Zapata Famous Quote: _______________________________________________ • Venustiano Carranza • Francisco “Pancho” Villa Considered a Martyr to Northern Mexican cultures TURNING POINT of the Mexican Revolution: - American Sailors were seized / captured in Tampico, Mexico - Wilson responds by capturing Vera Cruz, Mexico REALLY upsets Mexican President Huerta and Carranza Revolutionaries took over the Mexican Presidency and replaced Huerta with Carranza

  9. Pancho Villa • Mexican Robin Hood • Raided American trains in New Mexico, captured 36 American hostages and killed all of them. RESULT: Wilson sends the U.S. Army Led by John J. Pershing to hunt Mexico for Pancho Villa = Pancho Villa Raids Pancho Villa Raids ended due to America’s involvement in WWI (1917) Justification: ______________________________________

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