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Solutions

Solutions. Solutions . A solution is a homogeneous mixture in which one substance is dissolved in another. The dissolved substance is completely dispersed, i.e., its composition is the same throughout its volume.

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Solutions

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  1. Solutions

  2. Solutions • A solution is a homogeneous mixture in which one substance is dissolved in another. • The dissolved substance is completely dispersed, i.e., its composition is the same throughout its volume. • Usually a solid is dissolved in a liquid, but liquids can be dissolved in other liquids and gases can be dissolved in a liquid as well.

  3. Definitions • Solvent: Liquid in which a substance is dissolved • Solute: Dissolved solid • Examples of solutions: • Sea water • Drinking water • Soft drinks (2 types) • Air

  4. Types of Solutions Concentrated solution: • Composed of a high percentage of solute Dilute Solution • Composed of a low percentage of solute Solubility and Saturation • The maximum amount of solute which will dissolve in a fixed quantity of the given solvent at a specified temperature • Expressed in g of solute/kg of water or g/100g of water

  5. Saturated Solution • No more solute can dissolve Unsaturated Solution • Still more solute can dissolve Supersaturated Solution • Contains more solute than can dissolve at a particular temperature

  6. Solubility (g/kg of H2O) Saturated (on the line) Temperature (°C) • A solubility curve shows the relationship of all three solutions: x supersaturated x unsaturated

  7. Factors Affecting Solubility Pressure • Only solutions in which a gas is dissolved in liquids (or solids) are affected by pressure • By increasing the pressure, the solubility of the gas increases. ex. Carbonated drinks -if pressure is released (decreased), gas from the liquid escapes

  8. Temperature • Effect depends on the type of solution • Solubility of a solid (in a liquid) is usually higher at warmer temperatures than at cooler temp. • Gases work in the opposite manner – that is, if Temp  then solubility  • Again, a solubility curve will determine the solubility of a substance at a particular temperature

  9. Solvent-Solute Interaction “Like dissolves like” • Substances with similar intermolecular attractive forces tend to be soluble in one another ex. Non-polar solvents dissolve non- polar solutes Polar solvents dissolve polar and ionic solutes

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