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Knee Anatomy

Knee Anatomy. Knee Joint. One of the most poorly constructed joints in the body. Femur has rounded distal epiphysis while proximal epiphysis of Tibia is flat. Creates a very unstable design. Comprised of four separate bones. Femur Tibia Fibula – *** Patella. Femur and Tibia.

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Knee Anatomy

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  1. Knee Anatomy

  2. Knee Joint • One of the most poorly constructed joints in the body. Femur has rounded distal epiphysis while proximal epiphysis of Tibia is flat. Creates a very unstable design. • Comprised of four separate bones. • Femur • Tibia • Fibula – *** • Patella

  3. Femur and Tibia • Articular cartilage covers the ends of both the femur and the tibia. • Medial and Lateral Condyles- found at the distal end of the Femur. • Medial and lateral Condyles found at the proximal end of the Tibia.

  4. Patella • Patella tendon- attaches onto the anterior of the Tibia. • Provides protection of Knee Joint, Patella also lifts tendons to increase leverage. • Quadriceps tendon-attaches the Quadriceps to the patella. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XnYO4TnpTCo

  5. Cruciate Ligaments • Major stabilizing ligaments in the knee. • Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL)-prevents the tibia from sliding out in front of the femur. • Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL) prevents knee from hyperextending • Injuries are most often caused by hyperflexion and hyperextension of the knee or rotation at the knee.

  6. Cruciate Ligaments • Posterior Cruciate Ligament (PCL)-It prevents the tibia from sliding backwards under the femur. • Injuries usually caused by Hyperextension • These cruciate ligaments get their name for their cross over (crucifix) arrangement.

  7. Collateral Ligament • Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL)- connect the tibia and the femur on the medial side of the knee joint. • A force from the lateral side could cause a tear to MCL. • Very common injury in many contact sports.

  8. Collateral Ligament • Lateral Collateral Ligament (LCL)- connect the fibula to the femur on the lateral side of knee. • A force from the medial side (rare) can cause a tear of the LCL.

  9. Cartilage • Articulate Cartilage-covers the moving parts of the knee. • Very smooth and slippery. • Chronic damage to articulate cartilage leads to osteoarthritis.

  10. Cartilage • Meniscus- half moon shaped cartilage (Fibrocartilage) lying between the knee joint. • These Menisces (Lateral/Medial) act as shock absorbers to handle pounding in the joint. • Often prone to tearing, which may require surgery to remove fragment.

  11. Meniscus Tear

  12. Knee Injuries • ACL Replacement surgery. • Often requires harvesting 1/3rd of Patellar tendon or from cadaver. • Animation • Animation 2

  13. Arthroscopic Surgery for Torn Meniscus http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pguNCtOwzEc Checkout Animation on Arthroscopic Surgery SURGERYFor somecommon knee joint issues

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