Children's Rights and Wellbeing: The Role of the State, Family, and Civil Society

1. The Child, the Family, and the State: Children’s Rights and wellbeing Lars Trägårdh Stockholm, 21 september 2017

2. The Moral Logic of Social Contracts: Three Crucial Variables 1: View of State 2: Status of the Individual and the Family 3: Role of Civil Society and the Local Community

3. Individualism vs Traditional Values

4. Generalized Trust An International Comparison

5. Social Contracts and Power Relations in Modern Welfare States State France Germany Netherlands Sweden Family Civil Society Individual United States

6. Dynamics of Governance and Provision of Service In-put side: Making Policy Out-put side: Providing Service Case of Sweden: In-put side: From Civil Society to the State Out-put-side: From State to Individual

7. State, Civil Society and Freedom The state: Foe or friend of liberty? Civil society: Cradle of community or constraint of individual freedom?

8. The Sovereign Individual

9. Versus Family Values

10. Varieties of Individualism (1): Freedoms and Rights A. Individual Civil Rights: Negative Freedom (from the State) B. Individual Social Rights: Positive Freedom (through the State)

11. Varieties of Individualism (2): Autonomy vs. Liberty A: Individualism through the State: “The Swedish Theory of Love” B: Individualism through Limitation of State U.S. Constitution and the Bill of Rights

12. Variation in Child Well-Being Premise: child wellbeing a universal value What indices of Child Well-being show: Significant differences between and within rich, Western countries Why?

13. Three idealtypical children’s rights regimes Statist individualism Civil society familism Statist familism

14. Regime type A Statist individualism (Sweden) Laws, rights, and policies that: Focus on the rights and autonomy of each individual/child Has universal reach Sees the individual/child as much as a citizen as an object of care Aims to promote equality in access to key resources

15. Regime type B Civil society familism (U.S.) Laws, rights, and policies that: Guarantee the autonomy, integrity, and rights of the family Favor local and civil society based initiatives Sees the child as a member of the family rather than citizen Limit state power rather than ensure equal access to key resources.

16. Regime type C Statist familism (France) Laws, rights, and policies that: Promote the vitality of the nation through the strength of the family Has universal reach Sees the child as member of the traditional family Aims at promoting broad access to key sources

17. Case Studies Homeschooling Independent vs Public Schools Physical Punishment by Parents Crime and Punishment Social vs Individual Rights

18. Home-schooling in numbers Sweden 100 Population 9.5 million 1:95.000 France 5000 (Plus 50.000 in distance learning) Population 60 million 1:12.000 (1:1.200) USA 2.35 million Population 315 million 1:134

19. CRC and the Religious Right in the US “The United Nations has become the tool of a powerful feminist-socialist alliance that has worked deliberately to promote a radical restructuring of society.” (Heritage Foundation) “Nearly all the evils we face can be hidden in this language [of The CRC]: Abortion, contraception as health care, pornographic sex education, abortion as a method of family planning, stigmatization of traditional religious beliefs and educational practices, and the exportation of the culture of death to the developing world.” (Bill Saunders, of the Family Research Council)

22. Indicators and Indices Out-put indices: Measures of child well-being In-put indices: Measures of rights, laws and policies

23. Aims and Objectives Theory Development Theory Testing Index Construction Implications for Policy