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Gay and bisexual men raped by men – stigmatisation and discrimination The Social Work Social Development 2012: Action and Impact Stockholm, Sweden 8 – 12 July 2012. Hans Knutagård Senior Lecturer in Social Work Kristianstad University h ans.knutagard@hkr.se. Men raped by men.
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Gay and bisexual men raped by men – stigmatisation and discrimination The Social Work Social Development 2012:Action and ImpactStockholm, Sweden 8 – 12 July 2012 Hans Knutagård Senior Lecturer in Social Work Kristianstad University hans.knutagard@hkr.se
Men raped by men I was reached by 28 informants I have interviewed 18 of them, the oldest was 70 years old and the youngest 20 years old • 12 persons face-to-face • 4 persons by text messages • 2 persons by telephone 10 persons have left initial messages and after that they have decided not to carry on for an interview
Three chains • Masculinity makes it to an event without words • Sexuality makes it to an event of shame • Homosexuality makes it to an invisible event
Masculinity- an event without words Hampus: “She said with tears: ‘…but you have been raped’” Malte: “When it happened I didn’t think like this ‘now I am becoming raped, now I shall be angry’. Without the definition of what happened me there was nothing what so ever”
Sexuality- an event of shame Hampus: “I do not trust anybody. The worst thing afterwards is that I can not let anybody into my life. It is barely my dad get to come in my life. Not even my brother either” Hampus: I have gradually come to the conclusion that I needed something destructive. I could not feel good. I could not allow myself to feel good. Unfortunately. Tried many times.” Lack of trust – withdrawal – self-destructive
Homosexuality- an invisible event • “The feeling of guilt around the homosexual” IP 22 wrote: I was raped by a guy on my thirteenth birthday Hans wrote: Is this something you are able to talk about? Have you reported and searched for help? IP 22 wrote: No way, didn’t dare to report to the Police because then my dad would know that I am gay, so I kept quiet about it.
Conclusion If there are no understanding in the cultural-historical context the individual are not able to understand or to manage the event.
What to do for gay and bisexual men raped by men? • Make male rape visible • Give men who have been raped right to good health service, social inclusion and justice • Challenge stigmatisation and discrimination • Develop more non-oppressive social work practices, including LGBT people • Reconstruct the masculinities