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Exam 2 Review

Learn about circuit and packet switching, VLANs, routing algorithms, forwarding tables, Internet Protocol (IP), addressing schemes, and routing protocols. Understand the basics of network programming and packet control flow. Explore concepts such as IPv6 transition and changing data formats between network and host orders.

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Exam 2 Review

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  1. Exam 2 Review Networking CS 3470, Section 1 Sarah Diesburg

  2. Switching and Bridging • Definitions • Circuit switching • Also connection-oriented approach • Packet switching • Also connectionless/datagram approach • Asymmetric routing • Hub • Bridge

  3. Switching and Bridging • Definitions • Flooding (with switches) • Root bridge (spanning tree protocol) • VLAN

  4. Switching and Bridging • Short answer • Bridge advantages over hubs • Bridge self-learning algorithm • Need for spanning tree algorithm • Be able to construct the spanning tree by looking at a network diagram • Don’t have to be able to write out all the configuration messages

  5. Routers • Definitions • Router • Gateway • Queueing delay • Switching fabrics

  6. Routers • Short answers • Types of switching fabrics • Memory, bus, crossbar • Routers compared to switches • Four basic components to a router architecture • Input ports, output ports, switching fabric, routing processor

  7. Forwarding • Definitions • Forwarding table • Virtual Circuit Identifier (VCI) • Permanent Virtual Circuit • Switched Virtual Circuit

  8. Forwarding • Short answers • Identifying full host-to-host virtual circuit connections • Constructing datagram forwarding tables

  9. Internet Protocol (IP) • Definitions • Internetwork • IP packet delivery model • Connectionless, best-effort • Maximum Transmission Unit (MTU)

  10. Internet Protocol (IP) • Short answer • Be able to explain certain IP packet format fields • Version, Ident, TTL, Checksum • Be able to compare and contrast the transport-level protocols that run on top of IP • TCP, UDP

  11. Addressing • Definitions • Mulit-homed host • Classful addressing scheme • Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) • Broadcast address • Loopback address • Network Address Translation (NAT) • Subnet mask, subnet ID • Longest-prefix match

  12. Addressing • Short answers • Be able to explain number of network/host bits that make up a class A, B, C network • Be able to explain the reason for the ARP and DHCP protocols • Be able to determine the destination subnet of a packet (Homework 6)

  13. Routing • Definitions • Autonomous System (AS) • Intra-AS Routing • Inter-AS Routing • Link-state routing • Distance-vector routing • RIP is example • Count-to-infinity problem • Split horizon with poison reverse

  14. Routing • Short answers • What is the difference between routing and forwarding? • Dijkstra’s algorithm (Homework 7)

  15. Inter-AS Routing and IPv6 • Definitions • Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) • Type of link-state routing algorithm • Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) • Different types of ASs • Stub AS, Multihomed AS, Transit AS

  16. Inter-AS Routing and IPv6 • Short answers • What are some of the reasons we are trying to move to IPv6? • How large is an IPv6 address? • What does the :: mean in an IPv6 address? • How can we go from an IPv4 address to an IPv6 address? • How can we go from an Ethernet MAC address to an IPv6 address?

  17. Network Programming • Short answers • Control flow of chat • Server side and client side • Creating your own protocols by sending specialized data across your packet • For example, our chat programs expected a certain struct chat_packet with specific members

  18. Network Programming • Short answers • Importance of network-to-host order and host-to-network order functions • htons() and ntohs() • What is the default network order? • Little-endian or big-endian?

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