Chapter 1 PERSONAL NAMES ( 1 )

Chapter 1 PERSONAL NAMES ( 1 )

Introduction personal names …particular words regularly connected with persons …recognize, refer to or address them Two main kinds: surnames and given names A fundamental difference: the order Examples : Chen Li juan Linda Jane Chapman CHAPMAN, Linda Jane Chapman, Linda Jane

Consider how to address an English woman. Situation: A Chinese man was going to meet an English woman for the first time. But he did not manage to get some information about her background beforehand and only knew her full name as Mira Lynd. Question: How should he address the English woman when he meets her? Possible answers: A. Mira Lynd B. Lady (Mira) Lynd C.Madam (Mira) Lynd D. Mrs. Lynd E. Miss Lynd F. Ms. Lynd G. Ms Mira Do Ex.1

1.1 Given Names 1) Factors which influence people’s choice: a) The sound of the name Mary Smith John Robinson Linda Jones b) The pleasantness of the name Darwin -- Charles Robert Darwin Darwin’s father: Robert Darwin Darwin’s mother: Susanna Darwin’s uncle: Charles Darwin

1.1 Given Names 1) Factors which influence people’s choice: a) The sound of the name b) The pleasantness of the name c) The name of particular people Franklin Roosevelt Franklin Roosevelt, Junior John Davison Rockefeller George Bush George W. Bush Richard Nixon Harold, Richard, Acer, Edward

1.1 Given Names 1) Factors which influence people’s choice: a) The sound of the name b) The pleasantness of the name c) The name of particular people d) The meaning of the name Examples:

d) female Lily 莉莉 Susan 苏珊 Diana 戴安娜 Helen 海伦 male Andrew 安德鲁 Peter 彼得 Richard 理查德 Charles 查尔斯 David 大卫 Francis 弗朗西斯 Edgar 埃德加 Lewes 刘易斯 John 约翰 Sydney Harbour Bridge, Toper, Zachary Zzzzra Do Ex. 3

Suggested key to Ex. 3: a) The sound of the name 雷锋江涛刘长乐温家宝 b) The expression of a wish or hope for the child ① 刘效国, 赵治国, 陈安邦 ② 王刚, 李毅, 刘志坚, 王铁成 ③ 王宏伟, 马大力, 曹克强 ④ 朱永清, 贺世廉 ⑤ 王超, 张超尘, 陈志高 ⑥ 罗冠群, 高鹤群 ⑦ 郑长生, 周永康 ⑧ 陈学官, 高禄得, 钱多多 c. The commemoration of an important event or person 子路，子夏，子游/ 霍去病, 耿去病 / 王羲之, 王献之 / 李清照, 李时珍/ 康有为，谭嗣同李新生, 蔡国庆，普超英, 李援朝/ 马文革，齐爱东，徐爱红，欧阳永忠 d. The identification of the place or time of birth 张海南, 李长春, 罗爱兰 e. The use of a ‘generation’ name f. The use of a friend’s or relative’s name g. Other

2）Two or more given names Linda Jane Chapman Linda = First name Jane = Middle name Chapman = Surname Two reasons: ① avoid confusion ② choose another name that they like Note: When people have two or more given names, normally they just use the first one on the majority of occasions; and it is only for official purpose that all the given names are used.

3) Girl’s names and boy’s names are not usually interchanged 刘想妹郑带弟王希莲丹夏丹王丹赵丹芳王芳李成芳马步芳骆传芳 Francis (m) 弗朗西斯Frances (f) 弗朗西丝 Dale 戴尔Lindsay 林赛 Do Ex. 2, 4, 5(p.15 – 16)

1.2 Surnames 1) One surname Frith Snelgar The ways people obtained their surname a) From their occupation, e.g. Farmer Butcher Thatcher Smith Barber Clerk Cook b) From a nearby geographical feature, e.g. Moor Wood Hill Lake Brook Bush

1.2 Surnames 1) One surname Frith Snelgar The ways people obtained their surname a) From their occupation, e.g. b) From a nearby geographical feature, e.g. c) From a nearby town, village or county, e.g. York Kent London d) As a descriptive nickname, e.g. Small Long Wise Short e) From their father’s given name, e.g. Johnson (son of John) Richardson (son of Richard) Wilson Jackson Jameson Grayson Do Ex. 6

1.2 Surnames 1) One surname Note: Some surnames have a prefix such as “M(a)c” or “O”. It indicates the person’s geographical origin or blood relationship, e.g. M(a)c-- 苏格兰人的后代 MacMillan / Macmillan 麦克米伦, McQuire 麦夸尔， McDonald 麦克唐纳 O’-- 爱尔兰人的后裔 O’Hara 奥哈拉, O’Brien 奥布赖恩，O’casey 奥卡西 2) Double-barrelled surnames • Formation: Mother’s surname + Father’s surname Lloyd-Jones 劳埃得—琼斯 Bartlett-Smith巴特利特—史密斯 Rolls-Royce罗尔斯--罗伊斯 • But the children only take the husband’s surname.

Homework 1) Review what you have learned today. 2) Preview Part II, Chapter 1: Personal Names (1.3 Addressing People and 1.4 Finding out Someone’s Name) 3) Prepare answers to the following question: Situation: A Chinese man was going to meet an English woman for the first time. But he did not manage to get some information about her background beforehand and only knew her full name as Mira Lynd. Question: How should he address the English woman when he meets her? Possible answers: A. Mira Lynd E. Miss Lynd B. Lady (Mira) Lynd F. Ms Lynd C. Madam (Mira) Lynd G. Ms Mira D. Mrs Lynd 4) Prepare Ex. 7, 8, 9 (p.17)

Thank you! See you next week.

Chapter 1 PERSONAL NAMES ( 1 )