Which answer puts the steps of the scientific method in the correct order to solve a problem?

1. Which answer puts the steps of the scientific method in the correct order to solve a problem? • DACBE • DBACE • DABCE • DBCAE If the problem was the yeast, then the bread should rise when I use the new yeast. Maybe the yeast that I used had gone bad. I will remake the bread using a new jar of yeast. The bread did not rise. On my second attempt the bread did rise so it is likely that the old yeast was bad.

2. Which answer below is a hypothesis for the validity of echinacea? Does echinacea reduce the duration and symptoms of the common cold? Echinacea reduces the duration and severity of the symptoms of the common cold. If echinacea acts as above, then patients treated with echinacea at the first sign of cold symptoms should recover faster than untreated patients. None of the above.

3. Which answer below would strengthen your experimental design? • Use a large sample size with a control. • Use a small sample size and only look at the affects on men. • Use a large sample size and don’t worry about any control—its irrelevant. • Use a large sample size.

4. When you eat a candy bar you are eating mostly simple sugars. If you eat a candy bar while watching a movie, how will your body utilize those sugars? All of the sugars will be used immediately by your working muscles. The sugars will likely be stored as glycogen. The sugars will likely be stored as fat. Both 2 and 3 are correct.

5. Which food below will maintain high blood sugar levels for the longest period of time? • Candy bar • Honey • Apple • Potatoes

6. In making a homemade salad dressing you mix olive oil, vinegar, and water together. You notice when you add the vinegar to the water it mixes immediately. When you add the olive oil it floats on top of the solution. The vinegar is ____________ and the oil is ____________. hydrophobic; hydrophilic acidic; basic hydrophilic; hydrophobic basic; acidic

7. The polysaccharides starch and cellulose are both made of glucose. Why can’t the enzyme salivary amylase breakdown both? The orientation of the covalent bonds are different. The active site of the enzyme cannot bind to glucose. The enzyme cannot digest cellulose at normal body temperatures (32oC). The covalent bonds in cellulose are stronger than in amylose.

8. Lactase cannot function properly in this example because the…. shape is incorrect. amino acid sequence is incorrect. color is incorrect. 1 and 2

9. What is the complimentary strand to this strand: CCCCTTAGGAACC? CCCCTTAGGAACC GGGGTTAGGAACC GGGGAATCCTTGG GGTTCCTAAGGCC

10. Which sequence below is the RNA synthesized from the DNA sequence below:CCCCTTAGGAACC GGGGAATCCTTGG CCCCTTAGGAACC GGUUCCUAAGGGG GGGGAAUACCUUGG

11. Which component of a DNA macromolecule will dictate instructions to the cell? • The order of sugars (deoxyribose) in the DNA. • The order of phosphates in the DNA. • The order of bases (A,G,T,C) in a DNA. • All of the above

12. Which answer below will base pair with the DNA sequence below?TAT TAG TAG GTTA • ATAATCATCCAAT • AUAAUCAUCCAAU • ATTGGATGATTAT • TATTAGTAGGTTA

13. Which answer below represents the mRNA strand copied from the DNA strand below?TAT TAG TAG GTT • UAU UAC UAC CUU • AUA AUC AUC CAA • ATT GGA TGA TTA • ATA ATC ATC CAA

14. Which gene would you expect to be expressed in a brain cell but not in the cells of the liver? • Alcohol dehydrogenase (alcohol breakdown) • N-Cam (neural cell adhesion molecule) • RNA polymerase (transcription) • DNA polymerase (DNA replication)

15. Which feature below is not found in a prokaryote? • Plasma membrane • Nucleus • Ribosomes • Cell wall • Flagellum

16. Why does oil not mix with water but instead spontaneously forms spheres? • The oil is maximizing the amount of surface exposed to water. • The oil is hydrophobic and the water is hydrophilic • The oil becoming less hydrophobic. • The oil is becoming more hydrophobic.

17. Which statement is false about the fatty acid tails of a phospholipid? • They are hydrophobic. • They cannot interact with ions (Na+, K+). • Small molecules like oxygen can slip between them. • They interact with water.

18. Which arrow indicates a protein or part of a protein that is hydrophobic? • Arrow A • Arrow B • Arrow C • Arrow D A B C D

19. A normal cell has a high concentration of potassium on the inside and a low concentration of potassium on the outside. Also, a normal cell has a low concentration of sodium on the inside and a high concentration on the outside. Yet, the net movement of potassium is into the cell and the net movement of sodium is out of the cell. What type of transport is involved? Osmosis Facilitated transport Active transport Simple diffusion Secondary active transport

20. Which statement about mitochondria is false? Mitochondria are surrounded by two membranes. Mitochondria make energy of the cell (ATP). You inherited half of your mitochondria from your mother. Mitochondria are found in both plant and animals cells

21. Which cell type contains the most mitochondria per cell? Liver Muscle White blood cell Dermal cell White adipose cell Red blood cell

22. Almost all eukaryotic organisms derive energy directly or indirectly from the sun. Therefore, which organelle is the most important for life as we know it? Nucleus Endoplasmic reticulum Golgi Chloroplast Mitochondria

23. Plants convert the energy of the sun into covalent bonds in carbohydrates using a process called ________. • Photosynthesis • Cellular respiration • Fermentation • Carbon fixation

24. Given that every energy conversion is inefficient, which type of food below would feed the most people? • Steak • Fish • Rice • Ice cream

25. UV light can damage the DNA in your cells, while visible light cannot. Why? • UV light has a longer wavelength than visible light. • The wavelength of UV light is within the visible spectrum. • UV light contains more energy than visible light. • UV light contains less energy than visible light.

26. Review: Which answer is an example of a molecule with high potential energy? ATP NADP+ H2O Both 1 and 3

27. What component of photosynthesis is directly responsible for the increased weight of the plant? Photosystem 1 providing ATP Photosystem 2 providing NADPH Calvin Cycle fixing carbon 1 and 2

28. Reminder: The energy used by plants and animals ultimately came from… Food Soil Sun Air

29. Which answer below might decrease your energy levels and make you feel fatigue easily? Low levels of glucose in your blood (need to eat) Malfunctioning mitochondria due to a genetic disorder Low levels of oxygen in the air All of the above

30. Plants have both chloroplasts and mitochondria. Why? The mitochondria also synthesize sugars. The mitochondria are used to convert oxygen to carbon dioxide for the plant. The mitochondria break down sugars produced by photosynthesis to provide energy for the cellular work of the plant. The mitochondria break down fat produced by photosynthesis to provide energy for the cellular work of the plant.

31. Which activity below would produce lactic acid via anaerobic respiration? Sprinting 1 mile Swimming 10 miles Sprinting 100 meters Making beer 1, 2 and 3 All of these

32. If a person has one normal and one mutant copy of the BRCA1 gene, that describes their ______. If the mutation in BRCA1 leads to breast cancer, that describes their ____________. • alleles and genotype • trait and phenotype • genotype and phenotype • trait and alleles

33. Which mutation has the most affect on the protein sequence?mRNA: AUG-UGU-AGU-GGC-AGAProtein: MET-CYS-SER-GLY-ARG • mRNA: AUG-UGU-AGU-GGA-AGA • mRNA: AUG-UGU-AGU-GGC-GA • mRNA: AUG-UGG-UAG-UGG-CAG-A • mRNA: AUG-UGU-AGU-GGA-AGC

35. Which mutation is an example of an insertion?mRNA: AUG-UGU-AGU-GGC-AGAProtein: MET-CYS-SER-GLY-ARG • mRNA: AUG-UGU-AGU-GGA-AGA • mRNA: AUG-UGU-AGU-GGC-GA • mRNA: AUG-UGG-UAG-UGG-CAG-A • mRNA: AUG-UGU-AGU-GGA-AGC

36. Mutations…. • Have a negative effect on the gene product. • Have a neutral effect on the gene product. • Can cause beneficial changes in the gene product or its expression. • 1 and 3 • All of the above

37. A mutation occurs in the ____ of a gene, but the disease is caused by translation of a _________. mRNA….. non-functional protein DNA….mRNA mRNA….protein with decreased function DNA….non-functional protein Answers 1 and 3 are correct