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T h e A m e r i c a n R e v o l u t i o n 1765-1783 PART I & Part II

T h e A m e r i c a n R e v o l u t i o n 1765-1783 PART I & Part II. Causes of the Revolution Comparing British and Colonial Governments. The problem with Parliament levying taxes and ‘virtual representation’ Tarred and Feathered New Taxes Upset Colonists Debt from French & Indian War

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T h e A m e r i c a n R e v o l u t i o n 1765-1783 PART I & Part II

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  1. TheAmerican Revolution1765-1783PART I & Part II

  2. Causes of the Revolution Comparing British and Colonial Governments

  3. The problem with Parliament levying taxes and ‘virtual representation’ Tarred and Feathered New Taxes Upset Colonists • Debt from French & Indian War • The Acts… 1. Sugar: assigned customs officers and created courts to collect the duties and prosecute smugglers 2. Quartering: provide housing and supplies for British troops 3. Stamp: tax on almost all printed materials (1st direct tax on colonies) • “Taxation without representation!” • 3 forms of colonial protest: 1. intellectual Enlightenment ideas 2. economic boycotts nonimportation agreements 3. violent intimidation Sons/Daughters of Liberty

  4. New Taxes Lead to New Protests… • Stamp Act repealed in 1766, Townshend Acts passed: new import duties on everyday items—glass, lead, paint, paper, and tea • Violence in Boston • Custom officials seize the Liberty • 4,000 British soldiers sent to occupy Boston • Boston Massacre • Committees of correspondence: purpose to build colonial unity • Parliament drops most of Townshend Acts, but kept tax on tea • Boston Tea Party • Parliament passes Coercive Acts (Intolerable Acts): closed Boston harbor, increased power of the governor, sent troops and warships to Boston

  5. Colonies take action • First Continental Congress (1774) • Coercive Acts threat to freedom • Announced a boycott of all British imports • New governments that bypassed Parliament & the Crown ATTENTION all old, white males who own property!

  6. Question: Which side was appealing for Native Americans and enslaved people? A: Declaring Independence • War Begins • Battles of Lexington and Concord • Redcoats v. militiamen • Patriots • Loyalists (20%) • Second Continental Congress (1775) • Assumes responsibility for the war • Formation of Continental Army • George Washington becomes commander of the army • Olive Branch Petition sent to King George III • Loyalist arguments: • Need for law and order • Colonists can’t defeat British • Patriot demands for higher taxes and allowed less freedom of speech

  7. Influences on Independence • Thomas Paine’s Common Sense • Proposal=independence from Britain, republican state governments, and a union of the new states. • King is greatest enemy to American liberty, not Parliament • Merit over inherited privilege • Declaring Independence • Drafted by Thomas Jefferson • Primarily a long list of grievances, introduced “all men are created” • Men born with natural rights or unalienable rights

  8. PART 2… I warned that the British were coming…

  9. Turning Points of the War The numbers: • 1/5 loyalists • 1/5 slaves • most were neutral -the invincibility of the British: a lesson learned at Bunker Hill; British driven from Boston -traditional war vs. revolutionary war -the value of George Washington -the British blockade -profiteering: selling in demand items at a very high price

  10. -inflation and the issuing of paper money -from Boston to New York • Battle of Trenton: German mercenaries, raised spirit of troops • Saratoga: turning point of war • Encouraged France to recognize American independence and to enter the war • Marquis de Lafayette & military expertise • Benjamin Franklin • Valley Forge • The Frontier War • Native Americans support British…effect?

  11. War’s End and Lasting Effects -British turn to the South, stick to conventional (misguided) war strategy -countryside becomes sympathetic to Patriot cause The War Ends Four factors… • British made tactical mistakes/underestimated Patriots • British misunderstood the political nature of the conflict • Patriots were highly motivated/Washington’s leadership • Patriots received French assistance -Cornwallis surrenders at Yorktown

  12. Treaty of Paris: (1783) recognized American independence and granted boundaries to the United States (Canada-north, Florida-south, Mississippi River-west) Effects of the Revolution: • British abandon allies (Loyalists, slaves, Native Americans) • Women (republican virtue) • African Americans (emancipation in the north, slavery in the south) • Revolutionary ideas spread around the world

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