Unit Ten

1. Unit Ten Satire in Literature

2. Table of Contents Part One Part Two IN-CLASS READING PREPARATION Part Four Part Three AFTER-CLASS READING WRITING & TRANSLATION

3. Unit 10 Menu of Preparation • Task 1:Interpreting Quotations • Task 2:Writers and their works • Task 3:What’s your favorite?

4. We can secureother people’s approval if we do right and try hard; but our own is worth a hundred of it, and no way has been found out of securing that. I have been complimented many times and they always embarrass me; I always feel that they have not said enough. Do not offer a compliment and ask a favor at the same time. A compliment that is charged for is not valuable. Interpreting Quotations Directions: Work in groups to interpret the quotations from Mark Twain.

5.  The proper office of a friend is to side with you when you are in the wrong. Nearly anybody will side with you when you are in the right.  Nobody deserves to be helped who don’t try to help himself, and “ faith without works” is a risky doctrine.  It were not best that we should all think alike; it is difference of opinion that makes horse races.

6. Interpreting Quotations This quotation means that we need to make efforts and find ways of securing self-approval. People very often try hard to win the approval from others, and it’s actually a very difficult thing to do. What is more worthwhile to do is to be confident of yourself and be appreciative of what you’ve done. Sample Answer

7. This quotation means that many of the compliments are just flattering, but not to the point. People very often offer compliments just to please, but they often don’t compliment me about the things that I think are important.

8.  This quotation means that if you compliment someone, you should do it because you think the person deserves it. If you expect anything in return, your compliment is not sincere.

9.  This quotation means that we should welcome different opinions on any issue. Different opinions may sound unpleasant and sometimes even annoying, but they make things more interesting.

10.  This quotation means that a real friend is someone who is with you when you’re in a difficult situation. When everything is smooth sailing and you are surrounded by lots of friends, you need to be careful. Some may not be your real friends. As the saying goes, a friend in need is a friend indeed. The best time to distinguish a real friend from a false one is when you face adversity.

11.  This quotation means that we should give help only to people who try to help themselves. Those waiting for help from others do not deserve help. If a person asks for something but doesn’t want to work for it, he shouldn’t be helped.

12. Satire in Literature Satire is a form of writing that attacks a person or practice in hopes of improving either. Many writers are very good at using satire in their writings to criticize social conditions of the time.

13. Writers and Their Works— Who Are They? Directions: The following pictures are some of the world famous writers who are good at using satire . Do you know them? If yes, say anything you know about them. • Click the picture to get to know the answer.

14. Writers and Their Works Directions: The following are some and famous writers and their writings, match them. The Cop and The Anthem  Hans Anderson Lu Xun Old Goriot Diary of a Madman Maupassant  Honore de Balzac Necklace  O’ Henry The Emperor’s New Suit

15. Video Clip The Million Pound Note is Mark Twain’s famous novel which is made into a film. It uses a ironic way vividly criticized the society. The following video clip clearly shows audience people’s change of attitudes towards money. Do you think a man could live without spending money provided he already has plenty of it?

16. Video Clip • Click to stop and click again to continue

17. King Lear is considered to be William Shakespeare’s finest work. Shakespeare took a story that had a happy ending, and gave it a sad ending. He took a story of wrongs being righted, and turned it into the story of painful discovery. Lear was king of Britain. He was old and highly successful, and decided to retire and to divide his kingdom among his three daughters and their husbands. King Lear staged a ceremony in which each daughter will affirm her love for him. Listen and see how the daughters expressed their love. Famous Writings— King Lear

18. I find she names my very deed of love; Only she comes too short: that I profess myself an enemy to all other joys, Which the most precious square of sense possesses… Cordelia: Nothing, my lord. Unhappy that I am, I cannot heave my heart into my mouth: I love your majesty According to my bond; nor more nor less. Good my lord, You have begot me, bred me, loved me: I Return those duties back as are right fit, Obey you, love you, and most honor you. Why have my sisters husbands, if they say They love you all? Happily, when I shall wed, That lord whose hand must take my plight shall carry half my love with him,half my care and duty; Sure, I shall never marry like my sisters, To love my father all. Lear:Tell me, my daughters- Since now we will divest us both of rule, Interest of territory, cares of state,- Which of you shall we say doth love us most? That we our largest country may extend Where nature doth with merit challenge, Goneril, Our eldest-born, speak first. Gonrril: Sir, I love you more than word can wield the matter; Dearer than eye-sight, space, and liberty; Beyond what can be valued, rich or rare; No less than life, with grace, health, beauty, honor; As much as child e’er loved, or father found; A love that makes breath poor, and speech unable; Beyond all manner of so much, I love you. Regan: I am made of the self-same metal that my sister, And prize me at her worth. In my true heart …… King Lear Script

19. Charlotte Brontë 夏洛特·勃朗蒂 Leo Tolstoy 托尔斯泰 Hemingway 海明威 Mao Dun 茅盾 Zhu Ziqing 朱自清 What’s your favorite? Who’s your favorite writer?Why? Have you ever read their books? You may choose from the following or choose any of your favorite.

20. What’s your favorite writing?Why? • Who’s your favorite character in a novel? Why? What’s your favorite? — Discussion Directions:Discuss in a small group the following questions.

21. In-Class ReadingThe Immortal Bard

23. Work in pairs to answer the following questions. Would you please say something about Shakespeare and name some of his works that you have read? Sample William Shakespeare (1564-1616), English poet, dramatist, and actor, is considered by many to be the greatest dramatist of all time. Some of Shakespeare’s plays, such as Hamlet and Romeo and Juliet, are among the most famous literary works of the world. I have read Romeo and Juliet, one of Shakespeare’s best-known plays. It is a sad romantic story about two young people, who fell in love although their families were enemies. They married secretly, but were prevented from being together, and finally they both killed themselves. They are considered to be typical examples of unlucky young lovers.

25. Setting: At a Christmas party. Characters: Dr. Phineas Welch (a physicist) and Scott Robertson (an English instructor) Developmentof the story: Introduction: Dr. Phineas Welch claims to have the ability to bring back the spirits and bodies of the illustrious dead.

26. Rising actions Dr. Phineas Welch’s first attempt: He brought back Archimedes, Newton and Galileo. Result: He had to send them back because they couldn’t get used to the modern way of life. Dr. Phineas Welch’s explanation: Their minds were great, but notflexible or universal. Dr. Phineas Welch’s second attempt: He brought back Shakespeare. Climax: Dr. Phineas Welch enrolled Shakespeare in Scott Robertson’s evening extension literature course and Shakespeare failed the course.

28. 语法训练 He was a little drunk, or maybe he wouldn’t have said it.(Line 3) 译 文 or: if not,otherwise [常和else连用]否则, 要不然

29. Example Make haste, or (else) you’ll miss the train. 快点, 要不然就赶不上车了。 He can’t be ill, or he wouldn’t have come. 他不可能病了，否则他就不会来了。 The woman is out of her mind, or maybe she wouldn’t have killed her son. 这位妇女疯了，不然她不会亲手杀了她儿子。

30. 译 文 He was a little drunk, or maybe he wouldn’t have said it.(Line 3) 他有点醉了，不然他不会这样胡说。

31. 语法训练 I should think they’d have been fascinated by our modern science.( Line17) 译 文 should: aux.能;会;应该;将;要 I should think: I believe or expect 我相信，我估计。

32. Example I should think he can come. 我相信他能来。 I shouldn’t think this will cause any problem. 我想这不会造成任何问题。

33. 译 文 I should think they’d have been fascinated by our modern science.( Line17) 我还以为他们会对这儿 的现代科学着迷呢。

34. 语法训练 What cannot be racked from words in five centuries? （Line52） 译 文 can/cannot be racked from 从……里挤（不）出来

35. Example No single example can be racked from his brains. 他脑子里连一个例子都想不出来 。 I’ve been racking my brains (trying) to remember his name. 我一直在绞尽脑汁回想他的名字。

36. 译 文 What cannot be racked from words in five centuries? （Line52） 在五个世纪的时间里还有什么不能从文字里榨出来呢？

37. 句型应用 I never saw a man so eager to find out what posterity thought of him as poor Bill was. （Line65） 译 文 I never saw sb./sth. so eager to do sth. 我从来没有看过某人/某物如此急于做某事。 be eager to do急欲, 渴望做

38. Example I never saw a student so eager to hear the announcement of the winners of the race as Lily. 我从来没有看到像李莉那样急于听到宣布赛跑优胜者名单的学生。 I never saw young people in India so eager to get a good education and a good job. 我从来没有看到印度的年轻人像这样渴望受到良好的教育，得到一份好工作。 I never saw a company so eager to expand into new market. 我从来没有看到哪家公司这样急于开辟新市场。

39. 译 文 I never saw a man so eager to find out what posterity thought of him as poor Bill was. （Line65） 我从来没有看到像可怜的比尔那样如此急于知道后人是怎么看他的人。

41. immortal (Tittle) adj. 1) that will never die; not mortal 不死的，长生的 Translation Some emperors in Chinese history tried hard to find some immortalpills, but in vain. 中国历史上一些皇帝想尽办法寻找长生不死药，但 却毫无收获。 Nobody is immortal. 人都是要死的。

42. adj. 2) famous for ever or be remembered .for ever 流芳百世的；不朽的; 永存的 Exercise Hamlet is one of Shakespeare’s _____________. 《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亚的传世 名剧之一。 immortal plays The heroes of the people are immortal. 人民英雄永垂不朽。 His immortal deeds will be remembered forever. 人们将会永远的记住他的不朽的功勋。 n. 名声不朽的人；流芳百世的人

43. bring back (Line 1, Para. 1) 1) to cause to return 拿回来；带回来 Translation When you go to the bookstore, will you bring some CET-6 reference books back for me? 当你去书店时，能帮我带一些6级参考书回来吗？ We’ll take you to the concert, and we can also bring you back. 我们带你去听音乐会，还可以送你回来。

44. 2) to cause to return to the mind 使回忆起来 请完成下面的句子。 Exercise The old songs of Chyi Chin ____________ ______________. 齐秦的老歌能使人回想起美好的过去。 brought back happy memories His letter __________________________________ ______________. 他的来信使他们回忆起在北京的日子。 brought back to them the days when they were in Beijing

45. 动词 bring 组成的主要短语 ： bring about 使发生, 引起 bring around 使信服； 使复苏 bring forward 提出（新主意）；提议； 提 前,；显示 bring out 使显示;出版;生产; 说出 bring to 使恢复知觉; [航海]停船 bring up 教育；培养； 提出； (船)抵达 目的地

46. transference (Line 10, Para.7) n. the process of moving someone or something from one place, position, job, etc. to another 转移，传输，调动 请完成下面的句子。 Exercise __________________________________ was secretly carried out. 他的私人财产的转移是秘密进行的。 The transference of his personal property His ______________ has not got the approval of his supervisors. 他的工作调动并没有得到他的上司的批准。 job transference

47. 动词形式：transfer v. to move from one place, job, position, etc. to another转移, 调动 请完成下面的句子。 Exercise to transfer the production The management decided _____________________ ____________________ its new plant in Malaysia. (公司的)管理层决定将其数码相机的生产业务转移到 在马来西亚新建的工厂去。 of the digital camera to That talented football player is hoping to _________ __________________________. 那名很有天赋的足球运动员一直希望能够转会到西班 牙劲旅(powerhouse)巴塞罗那（俱乐部）。 transfer to Spanish powerhouse Barcelona

48. vaguely (Line 14, Para. 11) adv. not clearly in shape or form; not clearly described, expressed, known or established 模糊地，不清楚地；含糊地；不明确地 Translation I felt vaguely uncomfortable. 我隐隐约约感到不舒服。 She remembered me very vaguely. 她对我记不太清楚了。

49. 形容词形式：vague adj. 模糊的，不清楚的；含糊的；不明确的 Translation Through the fog we saw thevague outline of that skyscraper. 透过雾，我们看到那幢摩天大楼的 模糊轮廓。 I’ve got a vague idea about where we first met. 我依稀记得我们第一次相见的地方。 名词形式： vagueness n.暧昧； 含糊；模糊

50. fascinate (Line 17, Para. 12) v. to attract and hold the interest and attention of 迷住；使神魂颠倒 Translation Anything to do with the knowledge about the space shuttle will fascinate the child. 任何关于航天飞机的知识都会深深 地吸引住那个孩子（的注意力）。