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Nitrogen Fertilizer Management: TSNA and Tools for Management

Nitrogen Fertilizer Management: TSNA and Tools for Management. Paul Denton and Bob Pearce. Nitrogen Loss From Soil. Leaching Coarser soils Denitrification Wetter soils, wet springs Often more important than leaching. Effects of Excessive Nitrogen. Rank growth Sucker control problems

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Nitrogen Fertilizer Management: TSNA and Tools for Management

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  1. Nitrogen Fertilizer Management: TSNA and Tools for Management Paul Denton and Bob Pearce

  2. Nitrogen Loss From Soil • Leaching • Coarser soils • Denitrification • Wetter soils, wet springs • Often more important than leaching

  3. Effects of Excessive Nitrogen Rank growth Sucker control problems Delayed maturity Curing problems Decreased quality Soil acidification Negative effects on cured leaf chemistry Alkaloids Nitrates Tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs)

  4. Price Per Unit of Nitrogen for Selected Fertilizer Materials

  5. N Rates for BurleyExtension Recommendations • TN – 150 to 200 • VA – 175 to 200 • NC – 160 to 200 • KY – 150 to 270

  6. Nitrogen Rate Studies 2004-08

  7. TN - VA – KY Burley N Study2004 - 06 • Preplant N – 80, 160, 240 lbs/ac • Sidedress N – 0, 50, 100 lbs/ac • Locations • Greeneville TN and Glade Spring, VA in 2004 • Add Springfield TN and Lexington KY in 2005 • TN 90 LC

  8. Yield by N Rate – 12 Experiments 04, 05 and 06

  9. Lamina TSNA by N Rate – All Locations 04 and 05

  10. Nitrogen Rate Studies 2007-08 TN, KY, SW VA, and IL

  11. Soil and Plant Monitoring of Nitrogen as Management Tools for Nitrogen Fertilization and TSNA Reduction in Burley Tobacco William Hunter Frame Master of Science Candidate Plant Sciences Department University of Tennessee

  12. Regional N Management 2007 • Five preplant N rates • 0, 60, 120, 180, 240 lbs/ac • 0 and 60 lbs N/ac Sidedress (3 WAP) • KT 204 LC • In season N monitoring • Soil nitrate at 3 WAT • Petiole nitrate by Cardy meter at 3 WAT, topping, harvest • Chlorophyll meter 3 WAT, topping, harvest • Harvest measurements • Yield, quality, TSNA (lamina)

  13. Regional N Management 2008 • Four preplant N rates • 0, 60, 120, 180, 240 lbs/ac • 0 and 60 lbs N/ac Sidedress (3 WAP) • KT 204 LC, TN 90 LC, TN 90 HC, NC 7 • In season N monitoring • Petiole nitrate by Cardy meter at 3 WAT, 5 WAT, topping, harvest • Chlorophyll meter 3 WAT, 5 WAT, topping

  14. Yield By N Rate (KT 204)8 Tests 2007-08

  15. Yield by N Rate and Variety- 3 Tests 2008 -

  16. 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 Relative Yield 0.6 -6 2 y = -3.58E x + 0.00146x + 0.8045 0.4 Max Yd: N = 182 lb N/ac 0.2 RY = 0.954 0 45 90 134 178 223 267 312 356 Total Nitrogen (lbs/ac) Total Nitrogen vs Relative Yield

  17. Total Nitrogen vs Total TSNA Content

  18. Total Nitrogen vs Total TSNA Content

  19. Cardy Meter Nitrate –HRREC 07

  20. Petiole Nitrate-N vs Relative Yield

  21. Combined 5WAT Chlorophyll Content for KT 204LC

  22. Chlorophyll Index vs Relative Yield

  23. Combined PSNT Results

  24. 2007 PSNT Results for Individual Locations

  25. Combined PSNT vs Relative Yield

  26. Lamina TSNA and PSNT 2007

  27. Summary • 2004 to 2006 studies with TN 90 indicated present recommendations good • 2007 and 08 studies with KT 204 indicate they may be too high • 120 pounds per acre usually gave optimum yield in 07-08 • TSNA increases with N, but with new screened varieties, TSNA is much lower than in earlier years at optimum N

  28. Summary • Petiole nitrate and chlorophyll meter readings do not appear to be very useful tools for N management in burley • The PSNT test may have some value in predicting response to sidedressing

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