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Introduction to Obstetrics & Gynecology

Introduction to Obstetrics & Gynecology. Overview. Objectives. Match the terms r/t OB-GYN w/correct definitions Review female anatomy List purposes of OB-GYN surgery Discuss types of abortions Match common GYN complications with correct definitions

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Introduction to Obstetrics & Gynecology

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  1. Introduction to Obstetrics & Gynecology Overview

  2. Objectives • Match the terms r/t OB-GYN w/correct definitions • Review female anatomy • List purposes of OB-GYN surgery • Discuss types of abortions • Match common GYN complications with correct definitions • Match diagnostic techniques w/correct definitions • Match abdominal procedures w/correct descriptions • Define and discuss vaginal procedures • Explain applications of lasers in GYN surgery

  3. Objectives • Match the types of genital fistulas w/correct illustrations • Select true statements r/t special features of OB/GYN surgery • Match basic OB-GYN medications and solutions w/their uses • Identify specialized instruments for OB/GYN surgery • Discuss the steps of a D & C

  4. Carcinoma in Situ Cervical Chromotubation Conization Cystocele Dilatation Dysplasia Endometriosis Enterocele Episiotomy Fibroma GIFT Insufflation Marsupilization Myoma Pneumoperitoneum Presentation Rectocele Stress Incontinence Vaginal Vault OB-GYN Terms

  5. Female Reproductive System

  6. Anatomy: Bony Pelvis/Girdle

  7. Anatomy: External Genitalia • Vagina • Uterus • Cervix • Fallopian tubes/ovaries • External genitalia

  8. Anatomy: Female Pelvis

  9. Support of Female Pelvis

  10. Uterus, Fallopian Tubes, Ovaries • Hollow, thick-walled • Situated between bladder and rectum • Lined with endometrium • Ligaments suspend the uterus

  11. Female Reproductive System Concept Map

  12. Why OB-GYN Surgery? • Dx abnormal symptoms • Tx abnormal conditions • Relieve pain • Electively prevent pregnancy • Assist infertile couples to conceive • Prevent Spontaneous abortion w/structural defects • Abdominally deliver an infant when vaginal delivery is contraindicated or not possible

  13. Types of Abortions • Missed • Incomplete • Imminent • Spontaneous • Voluntary Interrupted

  14. Common OB Complications • Dystocia • Placenta Previa • Abruptio Placenta • CPD • Abnormal presentations • Breech, Transverse, Footling, Vertex • Incompetent cervical os • Infertility • Ectopic pregnancy

  15. Common GYN Complications • Menstrual abnormalities • Amenorrhea, dysmenorrhea, menorrhagia, metrorrhagia • Lesions • Weakened musculature • STDs

  16. Colposcopy Colpotomy Conization of Cervix Culdocentesis Culdoscopy Hysterpsalpingography Hysteroscopy PAP smear Punch Biopsy Rubin’s test Schiller’s test Uterine curettage Diagnostics

  17. Abdominal Procedures • Abdominal Hysterectomy • Cesarean Section • Laparoscopy • MMK Suspension • Microscopic Reconstructive Surgery of Fallopian Tubes • Myomectomy • Oophorectomy • Oophorocystectomy • Pelvic Exenteration • Salpingectomy/Salpingostomy • Tubal ligation

  18. Fibroid tumors

  19. Vaginal Procedures • Anterior & Posterior repair • Conization of cervix • Dilatation & Curettage • Hysteroscopy • LAVH • Colpocleisis • Marsupilization of Bartholin’ s duct cyst • Repair of fistula • Shirodkar or MacDonald cerclage • Simple vulvectomy • Suction curettage • Trachelorrhaphy • Vaginal Hysterectomy

  20. Lasers in GYN • Most commonly used: Argon, CO2, Nd: YAG • Applications • Ablation • Eradication • Endometrial ablation • Transecting uterine ligaments & controlling bleeding

  21. Genital Fistulas • Vesicovaginal • Ureterovaginal • Urethrovaginal • Rectovaginal

  22. Special Features • Typically pt is catheterized • General or spinal • Important: antiembolic devices, ambulation • Drains • Lithotomy/Vaginal • Vaginal: Long instruments • Vaginal procedures: sponges/medicated packing • Use of catheters: ID of ureters • Order of procedures: vag/abd • Separate set-ups • Special equipment

  23. Medications & Solutions • Oxytocics • Lugol’s solution • Acetic Acid 3 % • Anti-infective creams • Methylene blue • Solutions for hysteroscopic exams • Solutions for laser & cautery

  24. Specialized Instruments • Abdominal Hysterectomy • Vaginal • Laparoscopic • Obstetrical • Adaptations for vag hyst • Adaptations for LAVH

  25. ABD Hysterectomy

  26. D & C Procedure Summary • Lithotomy position • Insert Weighted speculum • Grasp cervix w/ Tenaculum • Dilation using Graduated sound into cervix: depth & direction • Curette of choice for Endocervical curettings specimen • Endometrial curettings • Dilation using Hegar or Hanks uterine dilators • Curettings: Telfa strip for specimen • Dressing: perineal pad

  27. Labor & Delivery Stages • Stage one: onset of labor • Stage two: complete dilatation of cervix • Stage three: birth of the infant • Stage four: after placenta is delivered

  28. Objectives • Match the terms r/t OB-GYN w/correct definitions • List purposes of OB-GYN surgery • Discuss types of abortions • Match common GYN complications with correct definitions • Match diagnostic techniques w/correct definitions • Match abdominal procedures w/correct descriptions • Define and discuss vaginal procedures • Explain applications of lasers in GYN surgery • Match the types of genital fistulas w/correct illustrations

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