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THE MODAL PERFECTS

THE MODAL PERFECTS. FORM. MODAL + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE. MUST HAVE. A certainty or logical conclusion about an event in the past Rob has arrived late. He must have been in a traffic jam. MIGHT / MAY HAVE. A guess about a past action

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THE MODAL PERFECTS

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  1. THE MODAL PERFECTS

  2. FORM • MODAL + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE

  3. MUST HAVE • A certainty or logical conclusion about an event in the past Rob has arrived late. He must have been in a traffic jam

  4. MIGHT / MAY HAVE • A guess about a past action She might / may have made a mistake

  5. COULD HAVE • Ability to do something in the past which in the end was not done. You could have warned me before it happened

  6. COULDN`T HAVE • Certainty that something did not happen He couldn`t have gone to the concert because he was ill

  7. WOULD HAVE • Desire to do something in the past which in fact could not be done I would have gone to the party, but I was too busy

  8. OUGHT TO/ SHOULD HAVE • Advice that wasn`t followed in the past He ought to/ should have listened to the producer • Criticism or regret after an event You ought to/ should have told me earlier

  9. SHOULDN`T HAVE • Criticism or regret after an event You shouldn`t have refused the opportunity

  10. NEEDN`T HAVE • An unnecessary past action You needn`t have raised your voice

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