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WORLD CLIMATES

WORLD CLIMATES. WEATHER AND CLIMATE. Weather is the atmospheric conditions here and now. Climate is an average of conditions in a particular place over time. A COUNTRY’S CLIMATE DEPENDS ON FOUR MAIN FACTORS.

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WORLD CLIMATES

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  1. WORLD CLIMATES

  2. WEATHER AND CLIMATE • Weather is the atmospheric conditions here and now. • Climate is an average of conditions in a particular place over time

  3. A COUNTRY’S CLIMATE DEPENDS ON FOUR MAIN FACTORS • Latitude is the distance of a location from the equator. The hottest temperatures are found at the equator. As you move further away from the equator towards the polar regions, less and less sun is received during the year and the climates become colder and colder.Altitude is the height above sea level or the height above the earth's surface. The higher the altitude, the lower the temperature will be. On average for every 1,000 metres higher you go the temperature will fall about 6.5 °C.Proximity to the sea affects the temperature of a place because the sea temperature changes slower than land temperature. So the sea will keep coastal areas warmer than inland area during the winter and cooler than inland areas during the summer. • Currents exist in all the oceans. Currents that move water from tropical areas towards the poles (North Atlantic Drift starts in the Gulf of Mexico) are known as warm currents. Those currents moving from northern (or southern) colder seas, nearer the poles towards the equator are known as cool currents, an example is the Canaries current

  4. CLIMATE ELEMENTS • Temperature is how hot or cold the atmosphere is - ie, how many degrees Celsius (centigrade) it is above or below freezing (0°C) • farenheit and celsius scale

  5. CLIMATE ELEMENTS • Precipitation is the term given to moisture that falls from the air to the ground • pluviometer

  6. CLIMATE ELEMENTS • Atmospheric pressure (or air pressure) is the weight of air resting on the earth's surface. • Low pressure occurs when air becomes warmer. The air molecules expand, become lighter and it rises. • High pressure occurs when air becomes colder. The air molecules contract, become denser, heavier and sink towards the earth.

  7. CLIMATE ELEMENTS • Wind is the movement of air masses from high pressure areas (high) to low pressure areas (low). • Wind is caused by the rising of warm air. • Winds follow typical patterns, which affect climate.

  8. Ocean and Currents • Oceans affect temperatures and rainfall. • Moving streams of water called currents carry warm or cool water around the world’s oceans. • Currents affect the climate of nearby land areas. Winds that blow over currents carry their temperatures to the land.

  9. MAIN CLIMATIC ZONES

  10. WORLD CLIMATE ZONES AND BIOMES

  11. World Climate Regions

  12. TROPICAL ZONE

  13. EQUATORIAL CLIMATE • Characteristics • Constant high temperatures. • Lowest annual temperature range of any climate. • Evenly distributed, heavy precipitation. • Lots of cloud cover and high humidity

  14. Rainforest Biome • Biome: A biome is a large geographical area of distinctive plant and animal groups, which are adapted to that particular environment

  15. Tropical dry-wet • Characteristics • wet season in summer,dry periods in winter. • Rainfall less than equatorial and monsoon. • Highest temperature ranges of low latitude wet climates

  16. Savanna Biome

  17. Desert • Characteristics • Among the driest places on earth • Low relative humidity • Irregular rainfall • Highest percentage of sunshine of any climate • Large daytime temperature range • Highest daytime temperature of any climate • Annual precipitation less than 250 mm

  18. Desert Biome

  19. TEMPERATE ZONE

  20. Humid subtropical • Characteristics • High humidity; summers like humid tropics. • Frost with polar air masses in winter. • 1000 to 2000 mm of year precipitation, decreasing inland. • Monsoon influence in Asia

  21. Mediterranean • Characteristics • Mild, moist winters, • Dry summers • High percentage of sunshine

  22. Chaparral biome

  23. Humid continental • Characteristics • Warm Summer Subtype: • Hot humid summers; occasional winter cold waves. • Large annual temperature ranges. Ie. Chicago • Cool Summer Subtype: • Moderate summers; long cold winters. • Large annual temperature ranges. • Less precipitation than warm summer subtype • Ie. Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

  24. Deciduous forest biome

  25. Marine west coast • Characteristics • Mild winters, mild summers. • Low annual temperature range. • Heavy cloud cover; high humidity.

  26. Biome: deciduous forest

  27. Dry midlatitude climate • These dry climates are limited to the interiors of North America and Eurasia. • Cold winters and warm or hot summers. A small amount of rain falls during this season. • Annual temperatures range widely.

  28. Grassland biome

  29. POLAR ZONE

  30. Subartic climate • Characteristics • Brief, cool summers; long, hard cold winters. • Largest annual temperature ranges. • Lowest temperatures outside of Antarctica.

  31. Biome: Taiga

  32. Tundra • Characteristics • At least 9 months average below freezing. • Low evaporation; precipitation usually below 300 mm.

  33. Biome: Tundra

  34. World biomes Tundra Deciduous Forest Savanna Taiga Chaparral Rainforest Grasslands Desert Alpine Desert-scrub

  35. CLIMATE AND HUMAN ACTIVITIES

  36. POPULATION

  37. CLIMATE AND FARMING

  38. TROPICAL CLIMATES BURNING RAINFOREST TOBACCO PLANTATION

  39. TEMPERATE CLIMATES VINEYARDS CALIFORNIA WEST COAST

  40. HUMID CONTINENTAL CLIMATE GRASSLAND AREA

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