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Best Management Practices to Control Swede Midge

Cornell Cooperative Extension. Best Management Practices to Control Swede Midge. Christy Hoepting Cornell Cooperative Extension Vegetable Program. Best Management Practices. Crop Rotation Rotate out of crucifers for at least 2 years The longer the better!

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Best Management Practices to Control Swede Midge

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  1. Cornell Cooperative Extension Best Management Practices to Control Swede Midge Christy Hoepting Cornell Cooperative Extension Vegetable Program

  2. Best Management Practices Crop Rotation • Rotate out of crucifers for at least 2 years • The longer the better! • Swede midge persist in soil for more than 1 year • How far? • The farther the better! • 300 m to 1 km • A female swede midge only has a lifespan of 1-5 days to find a suitable host to lay her eggs

  3. Best Management Practices Post-Harvest Management • Crop destruct ASAP after harvest • Do not deep plow in the spring

  4. Case Study: Niagara, NY (2005) 200+ SM per week 100% field infestation Broccoli in 2004 Fallow in 2005 Trap catch data not available No. SM per day Downwind of broccoli in 2004 Broccoli in 2005 May 16 - Nov 11

  5. Case Study: Niagara, NY (2006) • First Year rotated out of crucifers Broccoli in 2005 Fallow in 2006 No. of SM per week 2007: Fallow again – 23 SM per season!

  6. Case Study: Monroe Co., NY (2006) Mixed crucifer (mostly collards) seedbed left unmanaged Disked

  7. Best Management Practices Start with Clean Transplants • Using plug or bare root transplants that are grown in an area where swede midge does not occur provides the best opportunity for starting with clean transplants that are free of swede midge infestation.

  8. Best Management Practices Start with Clean Transplants: plugs Exclusion: keep swede midge out of greenhouse • Permanently closed side walls with ceiling ventilation at least 9 feet high • 8 foot fridge strip should be placed in front of sealed loading doors prior to shipment

  9. Best Management Practices Start with Clean Transplants: plugs • For plug transplants grown in an infested area where exclusion is not possible: • Systemic Insecticide treatment (Assail, Admire Pro – not labeled in the greenhouse) • Assail*: foliar application: remove from greenhouse to spray, and then return to greenhouse or transplant • Admire Pro**: soil application, apply as a post-seeding drench to trays (remove from greenhouse for treatment and then return) or after transplanting in the field • Follow labels carefully! *National label **2ee label in New York only

  10. Cornell Greenhouse Study (M. Chen & T. Shelton 2006) Cauliflower transplant seedlings Foliar sprays on transplants at the early stage of infestation before shipping is recommended. In Canada, Intercept (imidacloprid) is sprayed 10 days before transplant seedlings go to the field, provides 5-6 weeks of protection in the field

  11. Best Management Practices Start with Clean Transplants: bare roots • Do not plant a crucifer seedbed following a fall cruciferous crop, especially broccoli (to avoid exposing crop to high spring emergence of swede midge) • Avoid sheltered fields/areas for cabbage seedbeds • When finished harvesting a seedbed, crop destruct ASAP • Insecticides may be necessary

  12. Best Management Practices Chemical Control: 2ee: added unlabled pest to when pesticide is already labeled on crop

  13. Best Management Practices Chemical Control: • Should not be relied upon as a rescue strategy, because under very high pressure (i.e. 100 SM/trap/day) chemical control fails • Can be very effective when SM populations are moderate • Admire Pro applied to the soil as a drench has provided the most consistent control of swede midge • No OMRI listed insecticides controlled swede midge • Rotate chemical classes for resistance management • Read labels carefully!

  14. Best Management PracticesChemical Control

  15. Best Management Practices Monitor for Swede Midge Using Pheromone Traps: Phero Net (http://www.phero.net)

  16. Swede Midge Monitoring Place traps 1 foot above ground Replace lures every 3 weeks Replace sticky liners 1-3x per week

  17. Adult swede midge on sticky cards

  18. Best Management Practices Field Sanitation • Keep cruciferous fields and fields rotated out of crucifers free of cruciferous weeds: • Shepard’s purse • Field pepperweed • Wild mustard weeds from which Cornell • Field pennycress has recovered swede midge • Wormseed mustard • Marsh yellowcress • Weeds may sustain a SM population from season to season, but they are not their preferred host

  19. Best Management Practices • Choose Tolerant Crops: • Most tolerant: Green and red cabbage • Most susceptible: Collards, Chinese broccoli (gai lan), broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, and Chinese cabbage (choy sum) • Choose Tolerant Varieties • Broccoli cv. Everest and Triathalon are less susceptible compared to the highly susceptible Paragon, (U of Guelph) • More research required… • Field Selection • Up from prevailing winds • Avoid sheltered areas

  20. Best Management Practices Knowledge is Your Best Defense! • Early detection and management is key to keeping SM below economical levels • Be proactive in minimizing introduction and development of swede midge • Use clean transplant seedlings • Timely post harvest crop destruct • Crop rotation • Make sure you know how to identify SM damage!

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