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Latina Women’s Health

Latina Women’s Health. Frances Ashe – Goins , RN, MPH Deputy Director - Office on Women’s Health U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Racial/ethnic categories. 2000 Census

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Latina Women’s Health

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  1. Latina Women’s Health Frances Ashe – Goins, RN, MPH Deputy Director - Office on Women’s Health U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)

  2. Racial/ethnic categories • 2000 Census Race – African American/Black; Hispanic/Latino; Asian American; American Indian & Alaskan Native; and Native Hawaiian & Other Pacific Islander Ethnicity – Hispanic or Latino or Not Hispanic or Latino Caucasian/White – majority population (Note – the data in this presentation is not reflected of the new racial categories)

  3. U.S. Population • 307 million people in the US, 2009 estimate • 15.8% are of persons of Hispanic or Latino origin • 50.7% are Hispanic/Latina female

  4. Heart Disease All cancers Stroke Chronic lower respiratory diseases Diabetes Flu & pneumonia Alzheimer’s disease Accidents Kidney Disease Septicemia Heart Disease All cancers Stroke Diabetes Accidents Flu & pneumonia Chronic lower respiratory diseases Perinatal conditions Chronic liver disease & cirrhosis Kidney disease Leading Causes of Death All women Hispanic American & Latina Women

  5. Health Concerns for Hispanic/Latina Women Heart disease • 137.1 per 100,000; 34.4% of Mexican-American women have cardiovascular disease. Stroke death rates • 36.4 per 100,000 Cancer Mortality Rates per 100,000 • Lung – 13.1 • Breast –15.8

  6. Health Concern: Heart Disease, Cancer, and Stroke

  7. Health Concerns cont. Maternal Mortality rates - 2000 • 9.0 per 100,000 live births Infant Mortality • 5.6 per 1,000 live births Low birth rate (<5.5 pounds) • 6.4% (Puerto Rican 9.3% and Mexican 6.1%)

  8. Health Concern: Infant Mortality Rates per 1,000 Live Births

  9. Health Concern: Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) Rates per 1,000 Live Births Source: National Vital Statistics Report Nov. 7, 2003, 52(9): 69-77

  10. Health Concerns cont. • HIV/AIDS – Hispanic/Latina women accounts for 24% of new HIV infections among Hispanic/Latino in 2006. • Diabetes Mellitus Deaths – 6% • Tuberculosis Rates – 24%

  11. Health Concern: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Disease: U.S., 2004

  12. Health Concern: Diabetes Mellitus

  13. Health Concern: Tuberculosis (TB): U.S., 2001 Source: CDC Reported Tuberculosis in the U.S., 2001. Atlanta, GA, U.S. Dept. of Health & Human Services, CDC, September 2002. Table 13. http://www.cdc.gov/nchstp/tb/surv/surv2001/pdf/T12and13.pdf

  14. Health Concerns Cont. Mental Health • Depression – 11% Hispanic/Latina reported being depressed. • Suicide – Hispanic/Latina 1.8/100,000 Violence Against Women • 53% Hispanic/Latina and least likely to be raped

  15. Risk Factors – Hispanic American, Latina women • High rate of obesity • High rates of breast and cervical cancers due to delayed diagnoses, lack of preventive screenings • Tobacco use high • Alcohol dependence prevalent • 30% of Hispanic/Latina women uninsured though many employed or live with someone who is employed • Further barriers to health care: language barriers, lack of transportation, immigration status

  16. Among Mexican American women, 73 percent are overweight or obese, as compared to only 61.6 percent of the general female population.1 In 2003- 2004 Mexican American children, between the ages 6-11, were 1.3 times more likely to be overweight as Non- Hispanic White Children. Obesity Epidemic Source: OWH http://www.4women.gov/minority/hispanicamerican/obesity.cfm

  17. What Is Obesity? BMI (Body Mass Index) is a measure of body fat based on height and weight. People with a BMI of 25 to 29.9 are considered overweight. People with a BMI of 30 or more are considered obese.

  18. Heart disease Stroke Type 2 diabetes High blood pressure Breathing problems Arthritis Gallbladder disease Some kinds of cancer What Are The Health Effects of Being Overweight or Obese? Being overweight or obese can increase your risk of:

  19. Risk Factors for Disease 1999-2000 Physical Inactivity • 57% immigrants over 18 years are sedentary Tobacco Use • 12.4 % Alcohol Use • 49% abstained from using alcohol Illicit Drug Use • 7.2% drug related deaths

  20. Vaccinations and Screenings • Pneumococcal and Influenza – among adults 65 and older 30.5% Hispanic/Latina reported no vaccination. • Influenza – 55.6% Hispanic/Latina no vaccination in the past 12 months • Cervical cancer – 37% Hispanic/Latina not screened

  21. Screenings cont. • Breast cancer – women over 40 years 33% of Hispanic/Latina women had not been screened in two years. • Blood pressure –26% Hispanic/Latina women had not been screened in the past 12 months

  22. Definition of Lupus • Widespread chronic autoimmune disease • Immune system attacks tissue and organs within the body • Joints, kidneys, heart, lungs, brain, blood, and/or skin • Immune system loses ability to distinguish between itself and foreign tissue

  23. Who has Lupus? • There are more than 325,000 Americans diagnosed with Lupus--90% women • Limited awareness and knowledge of Lupus • Disproportionately affects young women of color (3 times more than whites); • More prevalent during the years of 15 to 45

  24. Symptoms • Fatigue, fever, pain, stiffness, swelling, redness • Common symptoms – painful swollen joints, unexplained fever, extreme fatigue, red rash or color on the face, chest pain with deep breathing, pale or purple fingers or toes • Additional – mouth sores, headache, depression, cognitive dysfunction, scalp hair loss, anemia, kidney disease

  25. Treatments • There is no cure • Current therapies • Suppress the entire immune system • Reduction of inflammation • Medicines can treat symptoms according to organ involvement and severity of disease • Treatments are based on the individual patient

  26. Barriers to Engagement Lupus hits minority women harder and more often? I don’t believe it! “I don’t have Lupus!” If I don’t acknowledge it then I won’t get it. I’d rather feed my family than pay for a doctor’s visit. I’m tired, I ache, I have a migraine…it’s just stress.

  27. Additional Information: • Lupus Foundation of America. • Website: http://www.lupus.org • American College of Rheumatology. • Website: http:///www.rheumatology.org • DHHS/Office on Women’s Health • Website: http://www.womenshealth.gov • U.S. National Library of Medicine • Website:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/lupus.html

  28. Strategies for the Task Ahead • Initially connect to women on an an emotional level • Set up information so that the women can consume and digest information at the individuals pace • Give information through many platforms and touch points

  29. Key Components of Successful Programs for Minority Women Internalization of Cultural Sensitivity • Integrate cultural influences & language preferences of target community • Where is minority group located and concentrated? • Address issues of stigma • Hold events in accessible facility • Address racial/ethnic variations associated with the incidence, prevalence, morbidity and mortality of health condition/disease

  30. Key Components of Successful Programs for Minority Women Recognition that Disease is not an Isolated Phenomenon • Address the societal issues (poverty, welfare, violence, crime) which affect community health • Identify and target behaviors that contribute to increased incidence and prevalence of health conditions

  31. Key Components of Successful Programs for Minority Women Identification of Disparities between groups in obtaining health care • What gaps in services exist? • What services are needed? • Do different groups need different prevention efforts? • Are resources reaching all in the community?

  32. Key Components of Successful Programs for Minority Women Honest and Frequent Evaluations • Conduct both impact and process evaluations • Outline clear and timely objectives to show achievement and improvement over time • Produce detailed work plans, quarterly reports, and final reports • Obtain input from program participants to determine participant benefit

  33. Key Components of Successful Programs for Minority Women Building of partnerships • Partner with community organizations, local government agencies, faith-based organizations, social organizations, educational institutions, non-profits, sororities, etc. • Try to partner with groups that can attract as many women as possible from the target population

  34. Key Components of Successful Programs for Minority Women Staff who Relate to the Target Community • This includes staff who have grown up in the community, look like members of the target community, or speak the same language as the target community • Staff must be knowledgeable about health condition of the program’s focus • Staff must have ability to communicate in culturally and individually sensitive manner

  35. Contact information DHHS-OWH 200 Independence Avenue, SW Washington, DC 20021 202-690-7650; fax 202-401-4005 www.womenshealth.gov 1-800-994-9662

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