Case Studies in Implementation: Best Local Land Use Practices

1. Case Studies in Implementation:Best Local Land Use Practices Chris Riddle, Ohio Lake Erie Commission Kirby Date, AICP, Cleveland State University John Aldrich, P.E., CDM Mark McCabe, P.E., CDM

2. Agenda • The Ohio Balanced Growth Program • Best Local Land Use Practices • Case Study Project Description, Issues • Triple Bottom Line Site Planning Process • Next Steps

3. Ohio Lake Erie Commission Mission: Protect & Restore Lake Erie Department of Agriculture Department of Development Department of Health Department of Natural Resources Department of Transportation Environmental Protection Agency

4. The Ohio Balanced Growth Program Lake Erie Protection and Restoration Plan 2000 Balanced Growth Taskforce 2001-2004 Linking Land Use Watershed Planning Framework State Agency Policies and Incentives Linking Land Use Best Local Land Use Practices Three Watershed Balanced Growth Pilot Plans and Future Plans Balanced Growth Strategy adopted by OLEC 2006 & 2010 Best Practices Training Program Credit: Wendy Kellogg, CSU

5. Priority Best Local Land Use Practices • Comprehensive Planning • Compact Development • Conservation Development • Storm Water Management • Stream and Wetland Setbacks • Meadow Protection Project Focus

6. 3.CONSERVATION DEVELOPMENT Apply Conservation Development, with adequate standards, where appropriate Priority Best Local Land Use Practices

7. Conventional Conservation Development • 40-50% Permanent Open Space • Quality Open Space • Resource Protection • Appropriate Development Intensity

9. Priority Best Local Land Use Practices 4. STORM WATER MANAGEMENT • Adopt storm water management and erosion control regulations for design and construction

10. 5. STREAM AND WETLAND SETBACKS Adopt stream and wetland setback zoning regulations Priority Best Local Land Use Practices

11. Stream setback in a conservation development

12. Best Local Land Use Practices Case Study Project Developed by CDM, Inc. Under the Direction of Ohio Lake Erie Commission and Cleveland State University

13. Project Description Project Process Focus group 1: identify barriers/opportunities (developers, SWCD, planners, engineers) Identify issues, case study site Draft solutions Focus group 2: review issues/solutions Prepare workshops • Develop case studies: land development implications of implementing Best Local Land Use Practices • Engage stakeholders in land development in identifying key opportunities and barriers • Use case studies in training workshops

14. Issues • Regulatory – conflicting processes, delays, inconsistent review, overlapping regulations, requirement of duplication • Perception of impact on site developability • Public perception of density, water on site • Late integration of BMPs into design process • Lack of education on BMPs and their effectiveness • Perception of increased cost • Perception of increased maintenance

15. Solutions • Improved design process: triple bottom line • Improved design process: quantity emphasis • Improved design process: early site planning • Exploration of stream work possibilities • Mythbusters research • Cost analyses - comparisons

16. Project Objectives • Resolve real and perceived barriers to acceptance of best practices by: • Developers • Local Governments • Buyers / tenants • Illustrate how properly-applied best practices can reduce costs and enhance property values • Provide adequate detail to support cost-effective implementation • Be repeatable for on-going education

17. What are Best Practices? Precipitation Evapotranspiration Evapotranspiration Impervious Pervious Treatment Physical Chemical Biological Storage Detention Retention Runoff Source Control Runoff Conveyance / Diversion Pollutant Source Control Peak Attenuation Discharge Infiltration Infiltration Pollutants (to Disposal) Preservation Restoration Source Controls Control Systems Resource Protection

18. “Mythbusters” Factsheet • Objective: • Question commonly accepted development procedures • Present documented support of alternative development procedures • Factsheet Contents • 6 different common development storm water control practice areas • Myths/facts for each

19. Decision Making Process for Site Planning in the Lake Erie Basin Guiding Principles: • Design to established project objectives • Integrate existing water and terrestrial resources into site design • Fix “dysfunctional” streams • Focus on controlling the flow – pollution control will follow • “Start at the Source” to manage runoff • Control all runoff per site conditions: infiltrate & evapotranspirate & detain • Use “Triple bottom line” approach to identify multi-objective benefits: community & environment & financial

20. Detention Detention Detention

22. Designing to Project Objectives • Community Values • Health • Safety • Welfare • Aesthetics • Financial Viability • Property value • Construction costs • Marketability • Sustainability • Maintenance • Environmental Values • Quantity (Volume) discharges • Quality (Pollutant) discharges • Aquatic Habitat • Terrestrial Habitat • Regulations

23. B. Provide Site-Specific Details A. Confirm Project Objectives C. Establish Weights per Perceived Importance

25. Step 2a: ID Water Resources and Drainage Patterns • Primary Conservation Areas • Regulated Waterbodies (Streams, Lakes, Wetlands) • Riparian areas (floodplains, floodways, stream meandering) • Soils suited for infiltration (groundwater recharge zones) • Mature trees • Primary Development Areas • Proximity to existing development (roads, utilities) • Areas requiring minimal clearing, grading

27. Step 2b: Define Characteristics of Water Resource and its Watershed • Water Quality / Hydrologic Control • Bank-full Channel • Floodprone Areas • Watershed Characteristics • Soils • Vegetation • Terrain • Imperviousness • Flood Frequency • 100-year floodplain • 100-year floodway • Stream Meandering • Streamway

28. Channels Move 1997 1980 1966 1951 1989 Salt Creek Vinton County, Ohio

29. The streamway defines the zone for natural meander migration 100-year Floodplain Streamway (WSW) : Accommodates Meandering (Approximately 10xWBF) Existing 100-Year Event WBF

30. Maintaining the hydrologic function of a stream requires an understanding of the frequency of floodplain inundation 100-year Floodplain 100-year Floodway W2-BF W1.5-BF WBF 1.5-2 Year Event 2*DBF 1.5*DBF DBF Bank Full Channel

31. Maintaining the hydrologic function of a stream requires an understanding of the frequency of floodplain inundation Streamway: WSW = Approximately 10xWBF W2-BF W1.5-BF ASF A2-BF WBF A1.5-BF ABF 2*DBF 1.5*DBF DBF Bank Full Channel

32. Stream corridor protection zones should be designated to provide specific benefits Stream Corridor Protection Considerations Floodprone area for water quality protection Streamway for meandering 100-year floodway 100-year floodplain Bankfull stream

33. Step 2c: Define appropriate stream corridor zones and allowable uses • Protection Goals by Stream Type • Appropriate Dimensions (from Step 2b) • Allowable Facilities / Activities

35. Best Local Land Use Practices to Illustrate through Case Studies Source Controls • Imperviousness control (e.g., reduce, disconnect, permeable materials, minimize disturbance, keep vegetation) • Vegetated filter strips and swales • Infiltration practices (e.g., rain gardens, trenches, dry wells) • Filters / underdrains (bioretention, soil amendments, sand, other) • Basins (wet, dry, wetland, vaults) • Stream, floodplain, and wetland enhancements / setbacks • Integrated Combinations of Practices Control Systems Resource Protection Integration

36. Opportunities and Barriers : Integrated Water Quality / Quantity Control Bruns Ave. Elementary School Wetland and BMP Demonstration Project; Charlotte, NC Control Systems for Sites/Regions

37. Centralized Approach Rain Barrel Green Roof Rain Garden Pocket Park Bioretention

38. Decentralized Approach Rain Barrel/Cistern Green Roof Rain Garden Pocket Park Bioretention

39. Semi-Decentralized Approach Rain Barrel Green Roof Rain Garden Pocket Park Bioretention

40. Infiltration Basin

41. Combination Filter / Infiltrator

42. Combination Filter / Infiltrator

43. Extended Dry Detention Basin

44. Infiltration & Filter & Detention in a Single Facility

45. Permeable Pavement

46. Permeable Pavement with Infiltration and Detention

47. Step 4: RE-ASSESS TRIPLE BOTTOM LINE

48. Cost-Effectiveness Evaluation

49. Cost Tables – Conventional Design

50. Cost Tables – Low Impact Design