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BIOL 4120: Principles of Ecology Lecture 17: Community Ecology

Outline (Chapter 18) Community dynamics. 18.1 Community structure changes through time18.2 Primary succession occurs on newly exposed substrates18.3 Secondary succession occurs after disturbances18.4 Study of succession has a rich history18.5 Succession is associated with autogenic changes18.6

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BIOL 4120: Principles of Ecology Lecture 17: Community Ecology

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    1. BIOL 4120: Principles of Ecology Lecture 17: Community Ecology Dafeng Hui Room: Harned Hall 320 Phone: 963-5777 Email: dhui@tnstate.edu

    2. Outline (Chapter 18) Community dynamics Spatial distribution of species and factors influence community structure on the landscape. Zonation (changing of community structure across the landscape) reflects the shifting distribution of populations in response to changing in environmental conditions as well as the interactions among species (direct and indirect). Next, how community structure changes with time? Community dynamics Spatial distribution of species and factors influence community structure on the landscape. Zonation (changing of community structure across the landscape) reflects the shifting distribution of populations in response to changing in environmental conditions as well as the interactions among species (direct and indirect). Next, how community structure changes with time? Community dynamics

    3. 18.1 Community structure changes through time Chapter 13: Chapter 13:

    4. Succession Definition: The process of gradual and seemingly directional change in the structural of the community through time fro field to forest Temporal change in community structure Sere (from the word series): sequence of communities from grass to shrub to forest historically Seral stage: a point of continuum of vegetation through time can be short or long (1 or 2 yrs to several decades) Succession happens in both terrestrial and aquatic environments

    7. 18.2 Primary succession occurs on newly exposed substrates Chapter 13: Chapter 13:

    9. 18.2 Secondary succession occurs after disturbances Chapter 13: Chapter 13:

    10. 18.3 Rich history of succession study Chapter 13: Chapter 13:

    11. 18.4 Succession is associated with autogenic changes in environmental conditions Chapter 13: Chapter 13:

    12. Chapter 13: Chapter 13:

    13. Example of succession 1st Shade intolerant species Eventually dominate only in canopy 2nd Shade tolerant species invade Shade intolerant die out due to no seedlings Shade tolerant take over

    14. 18.6 Species diversity change during succession Chapter 13: Chapter 13:

    15. Changes in plant diversity during secondary succession of an oak-pine forest in Brookhaven, New York.

    17. Pattern of succession under three different disturbance frequencies

    18. 18.7 Succession involves heterotrophic species Chapter 13: Chapter 13:

    20. 18.8 Systematic changes in community structure occur as a result of allogeneic environmental change at a variety of timescales Chapter 13: Chapter 13:

    21. Chapter 13: Chapter 13:

    24. 18.10 The concept of community revisited Chapter 13: Chapter 13:

    25. One view: species distributions are plotted as a function of altitude or elevation. 4 species exhibit a continuum of species regularly replacing eath other in a sequence of A, B, C and D with increasing altitude. Another view: species distribution is a function of distance along the altidinal gradient. As we move up the mountain, the distribution of 4 species are not continuous. A number of associations are recognized as we walk along the transect. Two views are quite different yet consistent. Each species has acontinuous response along an environmental gradient. Yet it is the spatial distribution of that environmental variable across the landscape that determine the overlapping patterns of species distribution. One view: species distributions are plotted as a function of altitude or elevation. 4 species exhibit a continuum of species regularly replacing eath other in a sequence of A, B, C and D with increasing altitude. Another view: species distribution is a function of distance along the altidinal gradient. As we move up the mountain, the distribution of 4 species are not continuous. A number of associations are recognized as we walk along the transect. Two views are quite different yet consistent. Each species has acontinuous response along an environmental gradient. Yet it is the spatial distribution of that environmental variable across the landscape that determine the overlapping patterns of species distribution.

    26. Same approach can be applied to patterns of forest communities in the Great Smoky Mountain National Park. (b) associations, support the first view, Clements’s view. (c) Species appears to be distributed independent of each other, supporting Gleason’s view.Same approach can be applied to patterns of forest communities in the Great Smoky Mountain National Park. (b) associations, support the first view, Clements’s view. (c) Species appears to be distributed independent of each other, supporting Gleason’s view.

    27. End

    28. Changes in diversity in one part of community can affect another part Greater diversity of vertical layers of forest More bird species Variation in diversity during forest succession Affects mammal species

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