Why PV in HIV is important?

1. Pharmacovigilance (PV) in HIV treatment in Ukraine:Situation AnalysisDar es SalaamNovember 23-28, 2009 Dr Ihor Perehinets MD, MPH National Technical Officer WHO CO in Ukraine

2. Why PV in HIV is important? • Few regimens, many combinations • Originators and generics • Co-morbidities (TB, Hep.C, etc.) • ADRs result in poor adherence • Poor adherence => resistance • Resistance => new regiment • New regiment => new ADRs • New ADRs =>…..,- poor adherence….. STI/HIV/AIDS Programme, WHO CO/Ukraine

3. Overview • Background: Ukraine and HIV • National PV Program:a summary on • Regulations • Governance • Existing capacity, HR, trainings • PV methodologies • Number, type and quality of ADR: known and unknown • PV for Antiretroviral drugs • Analysis and next steps STI/HIV/AIDS Programme, WHO CO/Ukraine

4. Background: Main Modes of HIV Transmission MSM Heterosexual Injecting Drug Use Data unavailable EuroHIV. HIV/AIDS Surveillance in Europe. Mid-year Report 2007 STI/HIV/AIDS Programme, WHO CO/Ukraine

5. Background: Data • Population of Ukraine – 46 millions • Over 99 000 officially registered PLWH (350 000 estimated) • Prevalence of HIV in age group of 15 years and older is 0.82% • 2007 – 17 699 new cases • 2008 – 18 963 - 7.3% Increase! • 14 256 people are on ARV treatment as of October 1, 2009; 4,322 – need! • 260 treatment sites: 60 prescribe ARVs, 200 – distribute • 93% of all patients are on first line and 7% on second line regimen; • 5,7% of patients on ARV have Hep. C, 5,7 % - active TB and 6,6 % are active IDUs; Ukrainian AIDS Center, 2009 STI/HIV/AIDS Programme, WHO CO/Ukraine

6. ARV regimens • 1st line regimen:  • ЕFV+AZT/ЗТС; • ЕFV+TDF+FTC (or 3TC) (access to TDF provided from 2008) • Alternative 1st line regimen: • LPV/rtv +AZT/ЗТС; • LPV/rtv+TDF+FTC (or 3TC) (access to TDF provided from 2008) • Preferred 2nd line regimen: • LPV/rtv + ddI + ABC • Alternative 2nd line regimen: • LPV/rtv+ ddI + 3TC • LPV/rtv + TDF + ABC or • LPV/rtv + TDF + (3TC ± AZT)or • LPV/rtv+ ddI + AZT or • LPV/rtv + TDF + ddI • LPV/rtv+TDF+FTC STI/HIV/AIDS Programme, WHO CO/Ukraine

7. AIDS Centers, PV Branches Ukrainian AIDS Center, 2009 STI/HIV/AIDS Programme, WHO CO/Ukraine

8. PV: Governance State Pharmacological Center State Inspectorate for Quality Control of Medicinal Products Pharmacovigilance Quality Control of Medicinal Products Identification of hazardous influences of medications Permanent or temporary termination of use through the license recall MOH STI/HIV/AIDS Programme, WHO CO/Ukraine

9. PV: Governance cont.2 • State Pharmacological Center (SPC): • 25 regional offices • 15 central and 75 regional staff positions • 80% of SPC staff are clinicians with training in pharmacology • Only four hours devoted for PV during Pharmacology course in Medical Schools • Post-graduate training is provided by National Academy of Postgraduate Studies • SPC has biannual meetings for all regional experts for information sharing • In June 2007, a two day workshop on PV in HIV was conducted by the leading Ukrainian specialists on ARV treatment for regional representatives of the SPC STI/HIV/AIDS Programme, WHO CO/Ukraine

10. PV: Mechanism WHO-UMC Ministry of Health of Ukraine State Pharmacological Center Producers Physicians Patients, NGOs, etc Passive reporting STI/HIV/AIDS Programme, WHO CO/Ukraine State Pharmaceutical Center, 2009

11. Dynamics of ADRs reporting STI/HIV/AIDS Programme, WHO CO/Ukraine State Pharmaceutical Center, 2009

12. ADRs in HIV 540 ADRs reports starting 2004 STI/HIV/AIDS Programme, WHO CO/Ukraine State Pharmaceutical Center, 2009

13. ADRs vs. On Treatment STI/HIV/AIDS Programme, WHO CO/Ukraine

14. Reported ARVs • Lamivudine / Zidovudine tablets – 13% • Efavirenz capsules– 11% • Lamivudine/Zidovudine capsules – 10,5% • Nevirapine – 8,5% • Stavudine capsules – 8% STI/HIV/AIDS Programme, WHO CO/Ukraine State Pharmaceutical Center, 2009

15. Structure of the ADRs STI/HIV/AIDS Programme, WHO CO/Ukraine

16. Severity of Reported ADRs • 100% were predictable • 61% - not serious • 39% - serious 96,3% resolved without consequences 3,1 – with consequences 0,6 – no change STI/HIV/AIDS Programme, WHO CO/Ukraine State Pharmaceutical Center, 2009

17. PV (spontaneous) system is in place Guiding body and regulations are available; Regional network; Local Database exists; Some experience in ARVs ADRs reporting; Full member of the WHO Programme for International Drug Monitoring Capacity building opportunities Support by National AIDS Center Low number of reports No new data Low awareness level about PV in HIV among service providers and specialists of the Center in general; Low motivation of HIV specialists to report ADRs; Lack of reciprocal communication with professional medical community Lack of standardized training curriculum on PV, including on PV in HIV care; No experience in CEM Strength and Weaknessesfor PV in HIV STI/HIV/AIDS Programme, WHO CO/Ukraine

18. Needs for improvement • For PV Center: • Spontaneous system strengthening • Strengthen manufacturers responsibility for ADR reporting • Better follow-ups with HIV specialists. Information sharing • For HIV Service • CEM projects implementation and tools • Cooperation with PV Center • Research on HepC, MDR, XDR TB co-morbidities • For HIV specialists • Trainings on ADRs in HIV care, integrated into trainings and academic curricula • ADRs monitoring and reporting guidelines • Patients monitoring forms and reporting • Communication materials development • For PV specialists • Trainings on PV in HIV and ADRs in ARV STI/HIV/AIDS Programme, WHO CO/Ukraine

19. Plans • Coalitions building (PLWH, USAID, etc.) • KAP Survey of PV and HIV specialists • Communication materials and reporting tools development and/or improvement • Trainings of PV and HIV specialists on PV in HIV • CEM tolls adaptation and piloting STI/HIV/AIDS Programme, WHO CO/Ukraine

20. STI/HIV/AIDS Programme, WHO CO/Ukraine

21. Thank you for support! • Dr. Micheline Diepart, WHO HQ • Dr. Shanthi Pal, WHO HQ • Dr. Gundo Weiler, WHO CO in Ukraine • Dr. Elena Matveeva, SPC, Kyiv, Ukraine STI/HIV/AIDS Programme, WHO CO/Ukraine

22. THANK YOU!Questions, please!And Welcome to Ukraine  STI/HIV/AIDS Programme, WHO CO/Ukraine