The Types of Energy

1. The Types of Energy Chapter 4 Science By: D. W. , S. R., R. K., and F. B.

2. What are the major renewable and nonrenewable sources of energy? • Renewable • Wind • Hydroelectric • solar • biomass • geothermal • nuclear fusion • Hydroelectric fuel cell • Nonrenewable • Chemical energy • Electrical energy • Mechanical Energy • Fossil fuels (coal, oil, natural gas, and uranium)

3. What are the major forms of energy? The major forms of energy are mechanical energy, thermal energy, chemical energy, electrical energy, electromagnetic energy, and nuclear energy.

4. Chemical Energy Chemical energy is energy stored in chemical bonds An example of chemical energy is burning coal. When the fire is lit, the source of energy for it is the wood or kindling you are using. When the kindling burns, energy is released and heats the coal and its surrounding area. The energy stored in the kindling is chemical energy.

5. Electrical Energy Electrical energy is energy associated with electric charges. An example would be a light bulb. The current has kinetic energy and is converted to electrical energy when going into the light bulb and through the filaments; which lights up the light bulb.

6. Mechanical Energy Mechanical energy is the energy associated with the motion and position of everyday objects. Mechanical energy= Kinetic energy + Potential Energy An example of mechanical energy is a wind up toy. When the toy is not moving it has potential energy. Work is done when you turn the crank the spring inside has elastic potential energy. When you let go of the springs it will spring back to its original shape. The toy has mechanical energy and then kinetic.

7. Fossil Fuels Fossil fuels are coal, oil, natural gas, and uranium. They come from underground. They are being used faster than we can replace them. Fossil fuels currently make up a majority of the worlds energy. They are relatively inexpensive and are usually easy to get to but they create pollution.

8. Wind Turbines Wind turbines convert wind energy (KE) into electrical energy using a generator. When the wind blows into the fans (shown below) the turbines rotate to the roto shaft. Then it is converted to electrical energy. Major Advantages: low cost, no pollution, and you never run out of wind Major Disadvantages: A lot of space and a big start up cost

9. Hydroelectric Energy Hydroelectric energy is obtained through flowing water. When water flow down a hill its gravitational potential energy is converted to kinetic energy and is used to turn turbines that are attached to electric generators. Most hydroelectric plants are built on damson rivers. A dam stops the flow of water storing potential energy which is then converted to KE as it begins to flow. Major Disadvantages: it disturbs the natural run of fish and/or animals, you can only have so many plants because you only have so much water. Major advantages: no pollution and low cost.

10. Solar Energy Solar energy is sunlight that is converted to usable energy. Sunlight passes through the windows and heats either air or water and then is used to heat houses. Some items run on solar power, like calculators or cars. Sunlight can be converted into electrical energy or heat through solar cells to power certain objects. Major Advantages: no pollution Major Disadvantages: you need sunlight

11. Biomass Energy Biomass energy is chemical energy stored in living things( burning wood , corn, and peat). Some corn can be turned into a fuel called ethanol to power cars. Major Advantages: low cost, readily available, and renewable Major Disadvantages: pollution and it impacts ecosystems

12. Geothermal Energy Geothermal energy is thermal energy stored beneath the Earth’s surface. It is mainly found near volcanoes. Water gets pumped into the ground and is converted to steam which is then used to generate electricity. It is also found near hot springs. Major Disadvantages: not widely available and you need hot earth Major Advantages: No Pollution

13. Nuclear Energy Nuclear energy is energy stored in atoms Nuclear fusion: When you combine nuclei to form a more massive nuclei Nuclear Fission: When you split nuclei

14. Hydrogen Fuel Cell Hydroelectric fuel cells generate electricity by reacting hydrogen with oxygen. Hydrogen fuel can be obtained from water using electricity from solar cells. The ending product is water. Major Disadvantages: not very efficient Major Advantages: no pollution

15. Key Concepts

16. How can energy resources be conserved? They can be conserved by reducing energy needs and increasing the efficiency of energy use.

17. Can Energy Be Converted From One Form To Another? Yes It Can (EE= Electrical Energy)

18. What Energy Conversion Takes Place As An Object Falls Towards Earth? The object has kinetic energy when it is falling it gains thermal and electromagnetic energy. When it lands on the ground it has potential energy.

19. How Are Energy And Mass Related? They are related because the greater the mass of the object the greater the KE.

20. How Are Energy And Work Related? They are closely related because when work is done on an object energy is transferred to that object. Work is a transfer of energy.

21. How Is Gravitational Potential Energy Determined? It depends on mass and acceleration due to gravity. Formula PE=mgh m=mass g=gravity(9.8m/s) h=height

22. What Is The Law Of Conservation Of Energy? When energy changes from one form to another, the total energy remains unchanged. The law states that energy cannot be created or destroyed.

23. We hope you liked our presentation! Thanks 4 watching!!! The End The End