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Chapter 2

Chapter 2. Chapter 2 Overview. Physical Science Refresher Water pH Quest / pH lab. Polymerization Carbohydrates Carbohydrate lab Lipids/proteins/nucleic acids Macromolecules Protein modeling Enzymes and Reactions Quest/Enzyme lab. Define me!. Atom- Element- Isotope- Compound-

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Chapter 2

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  1. Chapter 2

  2. Chapter 2 Overview • Physical Science Refresher • Water • pH • Quest / pH lab • Polymerization • Carbohydrates • Carbohydrate lab • Lipids/proteins/nucleic acids • Macromolecules • Protein modeling • Enzymes and Reactions • Quest/Enzyme lab

  3. Define me! • Atom- • Element- • Isotope- • Compound- • Ionic Compound- • Ion- • Covalent Compound-

  4. Atomic Basics • Focus on outer electrons • Metals-left • Nonmetals-right

  5. Bonding Basics • Ionic Bond • Metal / nonmetal • Creates ions • Give/take electrons • Covalent Bond • 2+ nonmetals • No ions • Share electrons

  6. PROCESS BOX 2-1 • Despite the fact that ionic bonding and covalent bonding treat their electrons very differently, what similarities do they have in regard to the end result? 3 LINE MINIMUM!

  7. Other forces • Polar covalent bonds • Uneven sharing of electrons • Hydrogen Bonds • H and O or N • Van der Waals Forces • Very weak bonds • Only close contact

  8. Bonding

  9. PROCESS BOX 2-2 • The vast majority of compounds in your body are made of the elements C,H,O,P,S, and N. Is most of our body the result of ionic or covalent bonds? Explain. 3 LINE MINIMUM!

  10. Properties of Water • Water has 6 important properties • Polarity • Hydrogen bonding • Adhesion • Cohesion • Universal Solvent • High Specific Heat

  11. Water Properties Foldable • For each of the following 6 properties of water you will be expected to: • Label the Property • Draw a Picture depicting that property • Define or describe that property • Explain why that property is important to life • Your foldable is to be constructed in the following way: • Fold two pieces of paper longwise (landscape orientation or “hotdog fold”). • Staple them together as close to the top as possible

  12. Water Properties Foldable • Front Cover—Water Properties (with your name) • Other side—Water Structure • Page 2 Polarity H-bonding • Page 3 Cohesion Adhesion • Page 4 Solvent Specific Heat Left SideRight Side For each Property “Flap” Property Definition Importance To Life

  13. PROCESS BOX 2-3 • Pick two of the water properties discussed and explain how we simply could not function/exist without them 4 LINE MINIMUM!

  14. The pH Scale • Reads from 0-14 • Measures [H+] • 0-7 acid; 7 neutral; 8-14 base • Acid • Base • Neutral Mastery?

  15. PROCESS BOX 2-4 • Our body needs to be between a pH of 6.5 and 7.5 to normally function. How can you eat a grapefruit for breakfast and not get ill? 2 LINE MINIMUM!

  16. DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS HYDROLYSIS MONOMERS and POLYMERS MONOMER POLYMER

  17. From Small to Big… • Dehydration Synthesis • Meaning? • What happens? ANIMATION 1 ANIMATION 2

  18. …and Big to Small • Hydrolysis • Meaning? • What happens? ANIMATION 1 ANIMATION 2

  19. Mastery? Sketch it out • Dehydration Synthesis • Needed? • Hydrolysis • Needed?

  20. PROCESS BOX 2-5 • In digestion, both dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis are used. Explain when each process would happen in your body and what it would do. 4 LINE MINIMUM!

  21. Biomolecules • The Big 4 • Carbohydrates • Lipids • Proteins • Nucleic Acids

  22. For the biomolecules • You will need to know • Function • Elements • Monomers • Polymers • Structure FEMPS

  23. Carbohydrates • Function • Elements • Monomers • Polymers • Structure

  24. Carbohydrates • Other Carbohydrate Facts REMEMBER: CARBON WATER

  25. Lipids • Function • Elements • Monomers • Polymers • Structure

  26. Lipids • Other Lipid Facts

  27. PROCESS BOX 2-6 • Carbohydrates and Lipids both contain the same basic elements. They are both also used for energy storage, but they energy store differently. Look at their structures and predict why this is possible 2 LINE MINIMUM!

  28. Proteins • Function • Elements • Monomers • Polymers • Structure

  29. Proteins • Other Protein Facts REMEMBER: PROTEINS PERFORM

  30. Nucleic Acids • Function • Elements • Monomers • Polymers • Structure

  31. Nucleic Acids • Other Nucleic Acid Facts

  32. ATP • Special subgroup of DNA • Provides energy for reactions • ADP  v. ATP 

  33. PROCESS BOX 2-7 • PREDICT: There is a compound called adenosine monophosphate (AMP). Knowing what you know about ADP and ATP, predict the energy level of AMP. 2 LINE MINIMUM!

  34. Mastery?

  35. ATP Nucleic Acids Proteins Lipids Carbohydrates

  36. Chemical Reactions • Bonds • React to Produce

  37. Activation Energy • Absorb • Release ActivationEnergy is the Energy to Activate!

  38. Enzymes • Function • How?

  39. PROCESS BOX 2-9 • Scientists use the “Lock and Key” analogy to describe how an enzyme works. Using the picture below, create a caption that mentions “lock and key” 2 LINE MINIMUM!

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