An Introduction to BUILDINGS ICT

1. An Introduction to BUILDINGS ICT By Jack Wang ICT Engineer – Auckland Building Services

2. Aim of Presentation • Introduce Smart Consulting • To cover the fundamentals of Buildings ICT and the key sub-specializations within the subject • Communication • Electronic Security • Audio Visual • Importance of coordination with ICT

3. Being a Good Buildings ICT Consultant • Have the technical knowledge and communication skill • Keep up to date with technology • Being able to decode clients’ requirements and make fit-for-purpose recommendations based on knowledge of technical systems and client’s business operation, while being aware of budget and other constraints • Understand building operations and coordinate well with architects

4. Unfortunate Current Practice • Often Buildings ICT systems are either being forgotten or remembered last minute in projects. Yet those are key systems to our Clients. • Coordination issues arise late in projects and leaves little time for ICT engineers to come up with fixes • ICT is only deemed important when things don’t work • The aim of this presentation is to identify issues and rise awareness

5. Smart Consulting • Smart consulting is based on actively seeking opportunities to enhance either peoples living or business improvement primarily using technology • In terms of buildings, focus is placed on finding means of using building information to create a more efficient and improved user environment • The nature of ICT work focuses more on understanding stakeholder requirements (there could be multiple solutions) and it’s a part of our daily routines

6. Smart Consulting • ICT plays a critical part and provides the backbone to enable a more integrated building structure for information to be exchanged and better utilized • Today, the pace of change is rapid and so is the way we communicate and adopt new technologies – Consumer market driven. • Becamust keep up and identify a holistic framework to share information in order to move towards more integrated design to stay market competitive

7. Communications • A structured cabling system is a collective configuration of cabling on a premise (pathway to patch panel), that, when installed, provides the network infrastructure for related hardware and terminal devices • Why is structured cabling important? • Because almost every device needs network connectivity • Clients has strong emphasis on ICT and expects considerably more than Beca internally

8. Communications • A good structured cabling solution ensures future proofing, un-interruptibility and interoperability • The cabling system include connectors, patch panels, racks, cables, patch leads and other connectivity devices

9. Communications A Basic Structured Cabling System

10. Communications System Breakdown • Functional Elements: • Campus Distributor (CD) • Building Distributor (BD) • Floor Distributor (FD) • Consolidation Point (CP) • Telecommunication Outlet (TO) • Groups of these elements above are cross/inter-connected to form cabling systems/subsystems

11. Communications System Breakdown • CD – Distributor from which the campus backbone starts; servicing premise containing one or more buildings • BD – Distributor in which the building back bone terminates and at which connections to the campus backbone(s) can be made • FD – Distributor used to connect between horizontal cable and other cabling subsystems/equipment • CP – A passive interconnect device commonly used to introduce flexibility of relocating TOs • TO – A terminated & tested outlet servicing telecommunication device(s)

12. Communications A Basic Structured Cabling System

13. Communications Network Architectures 1. CCA (Centralised Cabling Architecture) – Commonly used for small customer premises – Centralised cross connect/electronics – Example: GPON Architecture differ based on where the electronics & TOs locate Advantages: – Less administration effort & cost – Fewer points of failure Disadvantages: – High cost of centralised electronics – Single point of failure

14. Communications 1. CCA (Centralised Cabling Architecture)

15. Communications Network Architectures 2. DCA (Distributed Cabling Architecture) – Common architecture; ideal for large establishments and multi- building campuses – Distributed electronics Advantages: – Fewer cable count backbones – More robust & reliable (with redundant links & UPS(s)) Disadvantages: – More administration effort & cost – More spatial requirements

16. Communications 2. DCA (Distributed Cabling Architecture)

17. Communications Common Cabling Media • Optical Fibre – A flexible fibre with a glass core through which light travels with minimal loss • Characteristic – Best EMI performance – Longest cabling distance/coverage – Best bandwidth – Best long term operating expense

18. Communications Common Cabling Media • Optical Fibre

19. Communications Common Cabling Media • Unshielded Balanced Twisted Pairs – Copper cable; commonly installed in open plan commercial offices where EMI isn’t expected to exceed allowable limits – Minimises cross-talk & EMI (by decreasing mutual inductance coupling & capacitance unbalances between pairs) • Characteristic – Good EMI performance – Good cabling distance/coverage – Good bandwidth – Good long term operating expense

20. Communications Common Cabling Media • Unshielded Balanced Twisted Pairs

21. Communications Common Cabling Media • Shielded Balanced Twisted Pairs – Copper cable most commonly installed in plant spaces / industrial applications – Minimises cross-talk & EMI • Characteristic – Better EMI performance – Good cabling distance/coverage – Better bandwidth – Better long term operating expense

22. Communications Common Cabling Media • Shielded Balanced Twisted Pairs

23. Communications Common Cabling Media

24. Communications Power Over Ethernet • It’s a cabling solution transferring power and signal over the same line • More devices are now POE and more device are expected to be POE

25. Communications Questions?

26. Security • Why is Security Important: • Prevent loss of property • Protect intellectual property • Identify criminal activity • Intrusion Detection • H&S and improving building operations

27. Security • Access Control • Refers to the practice of controlling access to a building / selected premise • In the early days, access control was achieved using means of material, mechanical elements & guards • Now, mechanical & electronic devices are used to deny unauthorised access • It’s critical to protect valuable information & asset management

28. Security • Access Control • Devices used vary from physical keys & locks to electronic systems capable of recognizing biographical and biometric data of users • Now, the most common form of access control is through the presentation of card(s) with encoded info to a reader with predetermined decision making data • Access cards can also serve other functions: • Follow me printing • Payment for transportation etc. • Lift controls

29. Security • Access Control • Other non-card form access control option include: • RFID tags – identifies/tracks objects • Biometric Systems – recognize part of a person • Mobile Phones • The variety of options gives the designer ways to control access to more sensitive spaces

30. Security • Basic Elements of an Access Control System Door Release Electronic Lock Emergency Push Button Reader

31. Security • Video Surveillance • A self contained circuit carrying video signals connecting sources to recorders, control systems and monitors • The purpose is to capture footage and monitor an area where security can be at risk • Video based security mitigates criminal activities and helps protect assets • Video security also allows event back track and missing items / people to be identified etc. Functions goes on… • Footages have to be useable in court

32. Security • Camera Selection • The operational requirement of cameras can be one of 3 classes: • Detection - provide sufficient detail to enable identity of an individual to be established • Recognition • provides a relatively high degree of certainty for an individual seen before to be identified • Identification - provides detail to determine a person’s presence with a high degree of certainty • Many more criteria’s need to be considered for camera selection

33. Security • Camera View • Detection • Identification • Recognition

34. Security • Most Common Types of Cameras • Dome • PTZ • 360 Degrees • Vandal-Resistant • IR Day/Night Camera

35. Security • Video Analytics: • People counting • Facial recognition • Data analysis and trend identification etc. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EayolWoOWvQ

36. Security • Many more items belong to security • Intercom systems • Intruder alarm • Duress alarm • PIRs etc.

37. Security cont. Questions?

38. AV Services • Why are AV Systems Important? • Comms & Sec are more passive and behind the scenes disciplines • People notice AV more as it’s a direct user experience (like using a mobile phone) • Difficult to work with poor audio and visuals • Good AV ensure friendly environment for entertainment, work, function etc. • AV makes groups of people work / share / collaborate / entertain better

39. AV Services • A Practical AV Design Exercise - Problem

40. AV Services • A Practical AV Design Exercise - Solution • (Black Box)

41. AV Services • Basic Rule of Thumbs: • Select the reasonable panel size • Viewing docs - panel height to distance ratio = 1:4 (apx.) • Viewing TV / films - panel height to distance ratio = 1:6 (apx.) • Select appropriate equipment and engineer good acoustics • Consider the viewing angle of audiences • Tiered structured seats? Other alternatives? Relay Monitors? • Easy to navigate user interface

42. AV Services • AV Engineering/Design Considerations • Determine means of AV signal transmission • Structured Cabling/ COAX. etc. • Determine the equipment to be used • AV Controller • Amplifiers • Speakers/Subs • Find Displays & Sizes • Determine zones & the type of circuiting required

43. AV Services • EASE Modelling – Enhanced Acoustic Simulator for Engineers • Balanced & evenly distributed sound pressure

44. AV cont. Questions?

45. Common Coordination Issues • The required cooling not supplied • Power / UPS requirement not met • Uncoordinated fire egress, gas suppression and dry sprinkler piping • Uncoordinated network connectivity requirements • Uncoordinated & misplaced equipment • Uncoordinated access control with architectural door hardware • Items above produce poor results for clients (with dysfunctional and non-compliant systems)

46. Coordination requirements • ICT engineers should be included early in projects to identify the required ventilation, electrical, fire and lift requirements etc. • Better communication • Change notice need to propagate to ICT engineers

47. A Practical Example of Coordination ANZ Triangle Centre (Christchurch) Comms Room Services Coordination - Nicolas Brisson

48. Thank You Auckland Buildings ICT Team Raymond (Team Lead) Nicolas Jack Luc Mike Graham (Comms Sec) (Comms Sec AV) (Comms) (AV) (Comms Sec)