C H A P T E R 13 The Presidency

1. C H A P T E R 13The Presidency

2. C H A P T E R 13:The Presidency Section 1: The President’s Job Description Section 2: Succession and the Vice Presidency Section 3: Presidential Selection: The Framers’ Plan Section 4: Presidential Nominations Section 5: Elections

3. Article II Questions: The President’s Job Description • What basic power does the president hold (C9) • What changes to Clause 3 did the 12th Amendment make (C18)? • What are the qualifications for president (C10)? • What duties of the president are listed in the Constitution (C10)? • How is the president removed (C11)?

4. The President’s Roles Chief of State • The President is chief of state. This means he is the ceremonial head of the government of the United States, the symbol of all the people of the nation. Chief Executive • The Constitution vests the President with the executive power of the United States, making him or her the nation’s chief executive. Chief Administrator • The President is the chief administrator, or director, of the United States government. Chief Diplomat • As the nation’s chief diplomat,the President is the main architect of American foreign policy and chief spokesperson to the rest of the world.

5. More Roles of the President Commander in Chief • The Constitution makes the President the commander in chief, giving him or her complete control of the nation’s armed forces. Chief Legislator • The President is the chief legislator,the main architect of the nation’s public policies. Chief of Party • The President acts as the chief of party,the acknowledged leader of the political party that controls the executive branch. Chief Citizen • The President is expected to be “the representative of all the people.”

6. Qualifications for President Article II, Section 1, Clause 5, of the Constitution says that the President must:

7. The President’s Term • Until 1951, the Constitution placed no limit on the number of terms a President might serve. • Traditionally, Presidents limited the number of terms served to two. • This tradition was broken by Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1940 when he ran for and won a third term in office. • FDR then went on to be elected to a fourth term in 1944. • The 22nd Amendment placed limits on presidential terms. A President now may not be elected more than twice or only once if they became President due to succession.

8. Pay and Benefits • Congress determines the President’s salary, and this salary cannot be changed during a presidential term. • The President’s pay was first set at $25,000 a year. Currently, the President is paid $400,000 a year. • Congress has also approved an expense allowance for the President, which is currently $50,000 a year. • Besides monetary benefits, the President gets to live in the 132-room mansion that we call the White House. • The President is also granted other benefits, including a large suite of offices, a staff, the use of Air Force One, and many other fringe benefits.

9. Presidential Succession and the Vice Presidency • How does the Constitution provide for presidential succession? • What are the constitutional provisions for presidential disability? • What is the role of the Vice President?

10. The Constitution and Succession • Presidential succession is the plan by which a presidential vacancy is filled. • The 25th Amendment, ratified in 1967, made it clear that the Vice President will become President if the President is removed from office. • The Presidential Succession Act of 1947 set the order of succession following the Vice President.

11. The Vice Presidency • The Constitution only gives the Vice President two duties besides becoming President if the President is removed from office: 1) to preside over the Senate, and 2) to help decide the question of presidential disability. • If the office of Vice President becomes vacant, the President nominates a new Vice President subject to the approval of Congress. • Today, the Vice President often performs diplomatic and political chores for the President.

12. Into the Oval Office

13. 25th Amendment • Section 1 • “In case of the removal of the President from office or of his death or resignation, the Vice President shall become President” • Current law on succession is the Presidential Succession Act of 1947.

14. VICE PRESIDENT VACANCY • Section 2 • “Whenever these is a vacancy in the office of the Vice President, the President shall nominate a Vice President who shall take office upon confirmation by a majority vote of both Houses of Congress.” President appoints new VP, confirmed by majority of both houses of congress.

15. Presidential Disability • Sections 3 and 4 of the 25th Amendment provide procedures to follow when the President is disabled. • The Vice President is to become acting President if (1) the President informs Congress, in writing, “that he is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office,” or (2) the Vice President and a majority of the members of the Cabinet inform Congress, in writing, that the President is thus incapacitated.

16. WHAT IF A PRESIDENT IS DISABLED?

17. WHAT DOES THE VP DO? • "Once there were two brothers. One went away to sea; the other was elected vice president. And nothing was heard of either of them again.“ • Thomas R. Marshall, V.P. under Woodrow Wilson • "I go to funerals. I go to earthquakes.“ • Nelson Rockefeller, V.P. under Gerald Ford • "I am vice president. In this I am nothing, but I may be everything.“ • John Adams, V.P. under George Washington

18. Exit Ticket • Are there any qualifications for president that should be modified? Explain. • In your opinion, which role of the president is most important? Explain.

19. Bell Work: Need to Know • The role of the Chief of State requires which of the following responsibilities: A. Being the leading symbol of the whole government B. Commanding the United States Armed Forces C. Being the main architect of legislation D. Fulfilling the role of chief politician to their political party • According to the political cartoon on page 380, what is the author’s intent of the political cartoon? Using this perspective, what affect do the results in Iowa and New Hampshire have on the rest of the primaries?

20. Presidential Nominations • What role do conventions play in the presidential nominating process? • How important are presidential primaries? • What differences exist between the caucus-convention process and the primary process? • What events take place during a national convention? • What characteristics determine who is nominated as a presidential candidate?

22. BALANCING THE TICKET Balancing the ticket: Presidential candidate chooses running mate who can strengthen his chance of being elected by virtue of certain ideological, geographical, racial, ethnic, gender, or other characteristics. John F. Kennedy/Lyndon Johnson Ronald Reagan/George H. W. Bush Bill Clinton/Al Gore George W. Bush/Dick Cheney Barrack Obama/Joe Biden Donald Trump/ Mike Pence

33. 2016 DELEGATE COUNT REPUBLICAN NOMINATION DEMOCRATIC NOMINATION Needed to win nomination: 2,383 Hillary Clinton: 2,811 (includes 712 superdelegates) Bernie Sanders: 1,876 (includes 26 superdelegates) • Needed to win nomination: 1,237 • Donald Trump: 1,542 • Ted Cruz: 560 • Marco Rubio: 167 • John Kasich: 161

34. The National Convention • A party’s national convention is the meeting at which delegates vote to pick their presidential and vice-presidential candidates. • Party conventions accomplish three main goals: • to officially name the party’s presidential and vice-presidential candidates, • to bring the various factions and the leading personalities in the party together in one place for a common purpose, and • to adopt the party’s platform—its formal statement of basic principles, stands on major policy matters, and objectives for the campaign and beyond.

35. Exit Ticket • What is the difference between an open and closed primary? • Do you think that an open or closed primary is more effective?

36. #1 In case the President is disabled, the way the Vice President becomes President is determined by the Original Constitution. Twenty-Fifth Amendment. Presidential Succession Act. Congress. #2 According to the Constitution, the President must be a man who owns property. have held one major public office. be at least 35 years of age. have lived in the U. S. for at least 20 years. Exit Ticket REVIEW QUESTIONS

37. #3 As of January 20, 2001, the President receives a yearly salary of $50,000 $99,500 $400,000 $900,000. #4 A President can serve no more than ____ years in office. 8 4 10 12 Exit Ticket REVIEW QUESTIONS

38. Bell Work • Turn to page 388 in the textbook, and look at the cartogram at the bottom of the page. 1. What do these maps suggest about the electoral vote strength of the Northeast? 2. What do these maps suggest about the electoral vote strength of the plains states?

41. Original Provisions • According to the Constitution, the President and Vice President are chosen by a special body of presidential electors. • Originally, these electors each cast two electoral votes,each for a different candidate. The candidate with the most votes would become President, and the candidate with the second highest total would become Vice President.

42. The Rise of Parties • The electoral college is the group of people (electors) chosen from each State and the District of Columbia that formally selects the President and Vice President. • With the rise of political parties in 1796, flaws began to be seen in the system.

45. The Electoral College Today • Voters do not vote directly for the President. Instead, they vote for electors in the electoral college. • All States, except two (Maine and Nebraska), select electors based on the winner of the popular vote in that State. “Winner-take-all System” • Electors then meet in the State capitals on the Monday after the second Wednesday in December and cast their votes for President and Vice President. • On January 6, the electoral votes cast are counted by the president of the Senate, and the President and Vice President are formally elected. • If no candidate wins a majority of electoral votes (270), the election is thrown into the House of Representatives.

46. ISSUES WITH THE CURRENT SYSTEM The winner of the popular vote is not guaranteed the presidency.

48. Election of 1824

49. ELECTORAL VOTEPOPULAR VOTE R. HAYES – 185 4,034,311 S. TILDEN – 184 4,288,546

50. ELECTORAL VOTEPOPULAR VOTE B. Harrison – 233 5,443,892 G. Cleveland – 168 5.554,488