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Unveiling the World of Bacteria: Structures, Types, and Identification

Explore the diverse world of bacteria, from prokaryotic forms to Archaebacteria and Eubacteria kingdoms. Learn about bacterial structures, reproduction through binary fission, conjugation, and the significance of endospores. Discover the groundbreaking discovery of antibiotics and the methods of bacterial identification.

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Unveiling the World of Bacteria: Structures, Types, and Identification

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  1. Bacteria!!!

  2. Bacteria are prokaryotic, unicellular organisms that do not have a nucleus or membrane- bound organelles

  3. They contains all the structures necessary to sustain life functions.

  4. Bacteria make up two kingdoms--- Archaebacteria and Eubacteria

  5. Archaebacteria The Extremists

  6. There are three types of Archaebacteria, which live in extreme environments.

  7. (1)Lives in oxygen-free environments and produces methane gas.

  8. (2)Lives only in water with high concentrations of salt.

  9. (3)Lives in the hot, acidic waters of sulfur springs and ocean vents.

  10. Eubacteria

  11. Live in places more hospitable than archaebacteria.

  12. There are three types of Eubacteria

  13. Heterotrophs • Live almost everywhere. • Some are parasites- they obtain nutrients from living organisms. • Some are saprophytes- they feed on dead organisms or organic wastes.

  14. Photosynthetic autotrophs • Live in places with sunlight because they need light to make their own food. • Cyanobacteria are an example of photosynthetic autotrophs.

  15. Cyanobacteria

  16. Chemosynthetic autotrophs • Break down and release the energy of inorganic (nonliving) compounds containing sulfur and nitrogen in a process called chemosynthesis.

  17. Bacterial Structure

  18. Have genes in a single, circular chromosome.

  19. Bacterial Structure Plasma Membrane Chromosome Cell Wall Capsule Flagella Pili

  20. Antibiotics

  21. Sir Alexander Fleming accidentally discovered penicillin in 1928.

  22. Penicillin was the first antibiotic. (A substance that destroys bacteria )

  23. There are three ways to identify bacteria

  24. Gram stain reaction

  25. The staining technique reflects a basic difference in the composition of the cell walls of bacteria.

  26. - + After staining, Gram-positive bacteria are purple and Gram-negative bacteria are pink.

  27. Bacteria have one of three different shapes

  28. Spheres– called cocci

  29. Rods– called bacillus

  30. Spirals– called spirillum

  31. Bacteria grow in one of several characteristic patterns.

  32. Diplo- Prefix that refers to a paired arrangment of cells.

  33. Staphylo- Bacteria that grow in clumps like grapes.

  34. Strepto- Bacteria that grow in chains of cells.

  35. Bacterial Reproduction

  36. Binary Fission Asexual reproduction of bacteria where the bacterium splits into two identical bacteria.

  37. Binary Fission • Bacterium grows until it is double in size. • Bacterium replicates its DNA. • Bacterium divides in half to form two genetically identical cells. • This process can occur is often as once every 20 minutes!

  38. Conjugation Exchange of genetic material between bacteria through a hollow bridge called a pilus. Increases the genetic diversity in bacteria populations.

  39. Conjugation

  40. Endospores • Survival structure formed by some bacteria when faced with unfavorable conditions. • Can remain dormant for years until conditions become favorable again.

  41. Endospore

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