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Leisure Explanations and Speculations

Overview of Today's Session. Leisure TheoriesWhat is a theory?Neulinger's ParadigmCsck's Flow TheoryA Recent Theoretical Idea. What is a Theory?. A theory is a principle or collection of principles that possibly explain some behavior.Multi-disciplinaryMid-range. Theory. Leisure Theories. Compensation/SpilloverDumazedier's TheoryKelly's Leisure TypesDriver's Theory of SatisfactionsNeulinger's ParadigmCsikszentmihalyi Flow Theory.

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Leisure Explanations and Speculations

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    1. Leisure Explanations and Speculations Chapter 3

    2. Overview of Today’s Session Leisure Theories What is a theory? Neulinger’s Paradigm Csck’s Flow Theory A Recent Theoretical Idea

    3. What is a Theory? A theory is a principle or collection of principles that possibly explain some behavior. Multi-disciplinary Mid-range

    4. Leisure Theories Compensation/Spillover Dumazedier’s Theory Kelly’s Leisure Types Driver’s Theory of Satisfactions Neulinger’s Paradigm Csikszentmihalyi Flow Theory

    5. Compensation/ Spillover Theory Compensation Leisure is a replacement (compensation) for the drudgery of the work-day.

    6. Compensation/ Spillover Theory Spillover Work “spills over” into leisure; work is enjoyable enough to continue on into leisure.

    7. Relaxation Provides individual recovery from fatigue Entertainment Deliverance from boredom Personal Development Liberates from daily routines, thoughts and actions Dumazedier’s Theory

    8. Kelly’s Leisure Types Unconditional Leisure chosen for its own sake Recuperative Leisure Makes up for some deficit or loss Purpose is rest and relaxation Relational Leisure Desire to be with others Role-determines Leisure Satisfying the expectations of others

    9. People engage in outdoor recreation activities because of: Experimental Sensory stimulation, risk-taking, test limits, tranquility, nostalgia Personal Development Achievement, reinforce self-image, competence testing, discovery, learning Social Social recognition, family togetherness being with friends, meet new people Driver’s Theory of Satisfaction

    10. Driver’s Theory of Satisfaction (Cont) Nature Appreciation Enjoyment of scenery, close to nature, seeking open space, privacy Change Rest and escape from pressures, routines, crowds, weather

    11. Neulinger’s Paradigm State of Mind One Activity freely chosen for its own sake State of Mind Two Extrinsically and intrinsically rewarding State of Mind Three Leisure-job State of Mind Four Pure-work State of Mind Five Work-job State of Mind Six Pure job represents opposition to leisure

    12. Csikszentmihalyi Flow Theory Activity is challenging and requires skills Action and awareness merge Concentration on the task at hand Loss of self-consciousness Clear goals and feedback Sense of control Transformation of time Autotelic experience

    13. Recollection Theory Discussive mode Takes memory and code into symbols Words, numbers, etc trigger a reminder of such a memory Imagery mode Mental pictures Two types of changes occurs: Physiological changes-heart rate, skin sensation, blood pressure Psychological changes-creates mood changes

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