Understanding Matter: Types, Properties, and Classification

1. What is matter? • Anything that has mass and takes up space. • Everything around you.

2. What types of matter do you see?

3. How would you classify the matter in this picture?

4. Pure substance or a mixture? • A sample of matter is either pure: • made up of only one kind of matter • Mixture • made up of different kinds of matter.

5. Substance • Matter, either an element or compound, with the same fixed composition and properties (water) • Pure Substance • Has a uniform and unchanging composition

6. Pure Substances • Atom: • the smallest particle of an element

7. Pure Substances • Element • has a fixed composition because it contains only one type of atom • No two elements contain the same atoms. • They are listed on the Periodic Table of Elements

8. Elements • Most elements (100) are solids at room temperature (20°C). • 11 are gasses. • 2 are liquids. • All elements are represented by symbols

9. Compounds/Mixtures • Compound – • is a substance that can be broken down into simpler substances. The simpler substance is either are either elements or other compounds. • Ex. H20 → H2 + 02

10. Physical Property • a characteristic of a material that can be observed or measured without changing the composition of the material

11. Physical Properties • Extensive properties • Dependent upon the amount of the substance present • Mass, length, and volume • Intensive properties • Independent of the amount of substance present • Density is the same is the same no matter how much is present

12. Physical Property • Density (m/v) • Color • Odor • Taste • Hardness • Melting point • Boiling point

13. Physical Property • Viscosity • Tendency of a liquid to keep from flowing. • Higher viscosity, slower the fluid moves.

14. Physical Property • Conductivity • A materials ability to allow heat to flow.

15. Physical Property • Conductivity • A materials ability to allow heat to flow.

16. Physical Property • Malleability • the ability of a solid to hammered into sheets

17. Physical Property • Hardness • Based on if one object can scratch another.

18. Physical Property • Melting and Boiling Points- • M.P. – Solid to Liquid • B.P. – Liquid to Gas

19. Physical Properties • Filtration – • a process to separate materials based on their size • Examples: coffee filters a screen to find artifacts at a historical site

20. Physical Properties • Distillation • a process that separates substances in a solution by using their boiling points

21. Chemical Properties • an ability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more other substances

22. Chemical Properties • Flammability • a materials ability to burn in the presence of oxygen

23. Chemical Property • Reactivity • the property that describes how readily a substance combines chemically with other substances

24. Sodium, reacting violently with water http://ruminatingdude.blogspot.com/2005/08/justifying-what-we-teach-in-hs.html?

25. Recognizing Chemical Change • A chemical change • when a substance reacts and forms one or more new substances

26. 3 Common Types of a Chemical Change • A change in color. • Production of gas. • Formation of a Precipitate.

27. Precipitate • is a solid that forms and separates from a liquid mixture.

28. Physical or Chemical