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Session 3 - Learning Outcomes

Session 3 - Learning Outcomes. By the end of this session you will be able to: Compare and contrast the following wireless networking technologies: Microwave, satellite, radio and infrared. Discuss relative advantages and disadvantages of wireless LANs over wired LANs.

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Session 3 - Learning Outcomes

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  1. Session 3 - Learning Outcomes By the end of this session you will be able to: • Compare and contrast the following wireless networking technologies: • Microwave, satellite, radio and infrared. • Discuss relative advantages and disadvantages of wireless LANs over wired LANs. • Explain how the cellular technology works. • Describe the potential applications of wireless LAN and Bluetooth technology.

  2. Topics • Microwave • Satellite • Radio • Infrared • Cellular technology • Wireless LAN • Bluetooth technology

  3. References • WebLan-Designer: http://elena.aut.ac.nz/homepages/weblandesigner • Textbook Ch. 6 – Telecommunication Technologies for E-Business. • Lough, D. L. et al. “A short tutorial on Wireless LANs and IEEE802.11” http://www.computer.org/students/looking/sum…/ieee802.html • Blankenbeckler, D. “An In troduction to Bluetooth” http://www.wirelessdevnet.com/channels/blue../bluetooth.htm

  4. Microwave Satellite Radio Infrared Line-of-sight Geosynchronous transponder Earth station Wireless LAN Cellular networks CDMA2000 GSM GPRS Bluetooth Mobile JetStream Gigahertz Terahertz Key terms

  5. Wireless and mobile computing technologies • Communications can be • Terrestrial Microwave • Satellite Microwave • Infrared • Cellular • Radio • Wireless LANs and WANs. • Devices include • laptop, palmtop, pocket computer, PDA (personal digital assistant), cell-phones, and other hand-held devices.

  6. Terrestrial Microwave • An example of directional wireless transmission. • A parabolic dish antenna is usually directed toward a receiving antenna in a line-of-sight configuration. • Characteristics • Frequency range: 2 - 40 GHz • Bandwidth: 7-220 MHz, Data rate: 1Mbps - 10Gbps • Applications • Long haul telecommunications (both voice and TV) • short point to point links (TV or data) • data link between LANs.

  7. Satellite Microwave • Geo-synchronous earth orbit (GEO) • 36,000km above the earth surface. 3 satellites can be used to cover the whole world. • Medium earth orbit (MEO) • within 6000 miles from Earth. More than 10 satellites to cover the planet. • Low earth orbit (LEO) • within 1000 miles from Earth. Few hundred satellites to cover the planet. Iridium, Teledisc, Globalstar.

  8. Infrared technology • Requires transceivers • Transceivers must be line-of-sight • Frequency range: 300GHz – 200THz • Data rate: 1-16Mbps • Applications: • LANs where no cabling required • short distance communication (within a room) • remote control (TV/Video)

  9. Broadcast radio • Generally omnidirectional • does not require a disk-shaped antenna • Frequency range • 3kHz to 300GHz • Data rate: 1-10Mbps • covers AM, FM, VHF and part of UHF band • Applications • Radio broadcasting (AM, FM, short waves) • data networks • Cellular networks • Main source of impairment • multipath interference caused by reflection

  10. Wireless communication networks • Wide area networks • Uses media from a telephone company • Cellular systems, Satellite systems, Pagers • Local area networks • Network within ones property • Wireless LANs • Personal area networks • Up to 10 meter coverage • Bluetooth technology

  11. Wireless wide area networks Target Applications • Metro/Geographical area • Ubiquitous public connectivity with virtual private networks 2G/3G Technology Characteristics • Licensed Wireless Spectrum • Multi-cell coverage for metropolitan/wide area mobility • Modest to high power output (200-1000mw) • 2G: 28-56Kbps  3G: 144Kbps-2Mbps TDMA CDMA GSM CDPD 3G UMTS CDMA 1X GPRS

  12. Cellular technology • 1G: Analog technology – eg. AMP (Advanced mobile phone system) • 2G: Digital narrowband technology – GSM, CDMA • 3G: Digital wideband technology – CDMA2000, W-CDMA Cell Optical fibre Mobile telephone switching office

  13. Wireless WAN technologies • Nextel • One transmitter covering a large area. 2-way radio dispatch service. Used by Taxis and public safety people. • Paging • One directional, point-to-point, character/ numerical based (display caller telephone number). • Cheaper and simpler than cellular phone service • I-Mode • Packet based wireless phone service. Offered by NTT DoCoMo in Japan. Audio and video over hand held devices.

  14. Wireless LAN Technologies CT2 UPCS DECT PHS Target Applications: • Building or Campus • Enterprise / premises advanced application voice & data network extension. IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN: • Unlicensed wireless spectrum • Multi-cell coverage for workplace mobility & roaming. • Low to modest power output (30-100mw) • 2-11Mbps today 22-54Mbps in 12-24 months 802.11 802.11b 802.11a HiperLAN2

  15. Overview of wireless LAN • Supports mobility • Medium • Radio frequencies (including microwave). • Applications • Retail shops, Hospitals, Airports, Warehouses • Standards • IEEE 802.11b (up to 11 Mbps) • IEEE 802.11a/g (up to 54 Mbps) • Configurations • Ad hoc network (Peer-to-peer) • Infrastructure network.

  16. Wired Backbone Network Access point Infrastructure Network IEEE 802.11 Configurations Ad hoc Network

  17. Wireless card and Access point IEEE 802.11a card IEEE 802.11a AP

  18. Example of wireless LAN connectivity Wireless laptops connecting to a backbone wired LAN through a network access point that can support 50 clients over 500 feet.

  19. Wireless LAN growth • Rapid growth since IEEE 802.11b standard agreed by the industry in 1998. • Gartner Dataquest Study - Sept 2002 • Shipments of WLAN equipment will grow 73 percent in 2002 to 15.5 million units • Mobile Computer shipments with WLAN • 2000 9% • 2003 50% • 2007 90%

  20. Overview of Bluetooth technology • Short-range (up to 10 m) radio technology • Connect home and office based systems in a network. Connect PCs, printers, telephones, stereos, TVs. • Modest performance (721 Kbps) • Low power - well suited to handheld applications. • Support for both voice and data. • Packet switching technology.

  21. M-commerce (1) • Transactions and non-transaction functions over wireless networks. • Growth due to: • Newer and smaller technologies • More mobile populations • Deregulation of telecommunication markets • Less costly infrastructure than wired alternative • Slower to grow in US than Europe and Asia

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