Principles of Communication

1. Principles of Communication Chapter 8: Relationships

2. SCOPE Chapter 8 Lecture and Discussion: Relationship Types Factors that Affect Relationships Steps Needed to Ensure Effective Relationships Chapter 8 Case Study Instructor Review Student Q&A

3. 8.3 Interpersonal Relationships An interpersonal relationship is an association between two or more people that may range from fleeting to enduring. The context can vary from… family or kinship relations friendship marriage relations with associates work clubs neighborhoods places of worship

4. 8.3 Interpersonal Relationships A relationship is normally viewed as a connection between two individuals. This includes… Romantic or Intimate Relationship Parent–Child Relationship Groups of People(uncle and family, or mayor and town) Nations(international relations between USA and China) What is this relationship type?

5. 8.4 Interpersonal Relationships Development George Levinger’s(1983) 5 stages of a relationship: Acquaintance – Two people meet and share some common interest to maintain a friendly or cordial relationship. Buildup – During this stage, people begin to trust and care about each other with a need for intimacy, compatibility and common backgrounds. Continuation – This stage follows a mutual commitment to a long-term friendship, romantic relationship, or marriage. Deterioration – Not all relationships deteriorate, but those that do tend to show signs of trouble, such as boredom, resentment, and dissatisfaction. Termination – The final stage marks the end of the relationship, either by death in the case of a healthy relationship, or by separation.

6. 8.5 Flourishing Relationships Positive psychologists use the term “flourishing relationships” to describe interpersonal relationships that are not merely happy, but instead characterized by intimacy, growth, and resilience. This is for personal or professional lives, and is considered positive with plans for spending long periods of time together.

7. 8.6 Communication Theories and Empirical Research Minding Relationships… the mindfulness theory of relationships shows how closeness in relationships may be enhanced. Five components of “minding” include: Knowing and being known: seeking to understand the partner Making relationship-enhancing attributions for behaviors: giving the benefit of the doubt Accepting and respecting: empathy and social skills Maintaining reciprocity: active participation in relationship enhancement Continuity in minding: persisting in mindfulness

8. 8.6 Communication Theories and Empirical Research After studying married couples for many years, psychologist John Gottman has proposed the theory of the “magic ratio” for successful marriages. Successful couples will average a ratio of five positive interactions to one negative interaction (5:1). A 1:1 ratio usually means divorce.

9. 8.6 Communication Theories and Empirical Research Eric Berne – EGO States and Transactional Analysis

10. 8.7 Other Communication Perspectives One of the biggest problems for couples is the repeated conflict that promotes a negative mind in each person. New methods of therapy move partners to more positive, comfortable exchanges. Expressing gratitude and sharing appreciation for a partner is the primary means for creating a positive relationship.

11. 8.8 Intimate Relationship An intimate relationship is a particularly close interpersonal relationship that involves physical or emotional intimacy. Physical intimacy is characterized by romantic or passionate love and attachment, or sexual activity. The term is also sometimes used euphemistically for a sexual relationship.

12. 8.8 Intimate Relationship Intimacy is a familiar and very close affective connection with another and requires dialogue, transparency, vulnerability and reciprocity. As an action (verb) “intimate” means to state or make known. As an idea (noun), an “intimate” is a person with whom we have a particularly close relationship.

13. 8.8 Intimate Relationship Psychologist Desmond Morris found that most new relationships followed 12 predictable steps on the path to sexual intimacy. The 12 steps he identified (in order) are: Step 1: Eye to BodyStep 2: Eye to Eye Step 3: Voice to VoiceStep 4: Hand to Hand Step 5: Arm to ShoulderStep 6: Arm to Waist Step 7: Mouth to MouthStep 8: Hand to Head Step 9: Hand to BodyStep 10: Mouth to Breast Step 11: Hand to GenitalsStep 12: Sexual Intercourse

14. 8.8 Intimate Relationship There are two types of love; passionate and companionate. Companionate love is friends. Passionate love is boyfriend or girlfriend. A couplerefers to a passionate love relationship between two people who have made a commitment to each other.

15. 8.8 Intimate Relationship Terms for partners in intimate relationships include: Boyfriend/Girlfriend Confidant Family member Friend Spouse Mistress

16. The Team

17. Case Study Review Take 15-minutes to compare your case study summaries with a partner and create a revised idea to present.

18. Summary Chapter 8 Lecture and Discussion: Relationship Types Factors that Affect Relationships Steps Needed to Ensure Effective Relationships

19. BREAK! Now, take a 30-minute break and then return to the class to work on your term paper focus. Enjoy! Take a break!

20. Handout Review You will now be given a handout with comprehension questions. Use the book and the notes you’ve taken to answer the questions as best as possible. You have 45-minutes to complete the handouts and return them to the instructor at the end of class.

21. HOMEWORK! Go to the copy shop next to the canteen and get a copy of Unit 9: Professional Communication, Groups, and Leadership. Read Unit 9 and complete sections 9.1 Key Vocabulary and Chapter 9 Review: Case Study.