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Ecology

Ecology . STUDY GUIDE. Ecology . The study of relationship between the environment and the living organisms (Interactions) Organisms  Species  pop  Community  Habitat  Eco System  biomes  biosphere . Individual organisms. The smallest unit that an ecologist will concern .

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Ecology

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  1. Ecology STUDY GUIDE

  2. Ecology • The study of relationship between the environment and the living organisms (Interactions) • Organisms Species pop Community Habitat Eco System biomes biosphere

  3. Individual organisms • The smallest unit that an ecologist will concern

  4. Species • A group of the same organisms living at the same time, same location and capable of breeding and producing fertile young.

  5. Populations • Group of species in a specific area • They may or may not interact with each other • EX: Grade Level, teachers and student, WCL, Montvale, Parents, kids, athletes, non-athletes, girls, boys. All of these population makeup up a community

  6. Communities • A group of all the population interacting with each other.

  7. Ecosystems • A group of habitats, when put together you get an ecosystem

  8. Biosphere • All places on the earth and atmosphere, ocean , caves etc. • Bio means life • Sphere mean earth

  9. Habitat • All of the biotic (living things) interact with the abiotic (non-living things) • Ex: rock, air, soil, water • Living and non-living and how they interact with each other

  10. Abiotic Factors • The non-living thing in the environment • Ex: rock, soil, air, water

  11. Carry Capacity • The maximum population of a species

  12. Limiting Factors • Access to food, water, resources and shelter

  13. Density Dependent • Food, the more people you have, the less food you have • Diseases, parasites all effected by population

  14. Density Independent • Everybody is affect regardless of population. • An example is a natural disaster

  15. Competition between and among Species • Over food, water or shelter • Between the same species they look for food, water and shelter or a mate

  16. Producers 1st tropic • Bottom of the pyramid • First level • Autotrophs • Plants, producers • Uses sunlight • (most energy)

  17. Primary ConsumersSecond Tropic Level • The second tropic level • Primary consumers • Mouse, Herbivores • Ex: cows, deer, (mice) • 100 calories • 90% • (Mainly used for plant)

  18. Secondary ConsumersThird Tropic Level • Heterotroph (snakes) • Carnivore or Omnivore • Ex: Humans • Eats the primary consumer • 10% energy • Lose 90% energy

  19. Tertiary ConsumerFourth Tropic Level • The top of the food pyramid • 1% energy • Consumes primary consumers thing below them • Eat least amount energy • Ex: People are on top

  20. Quandary ConsumerFifth Tropic Level • Rarely, do you get a fourth level consumer • The reason why is because too little energy to supply them • ONLY .1% energy • (Way too little)

  21. Flow of Energy in a Tropic Level (arrows, Loss of energy) • Slowly as you descend, the amount of food required gets larger and larger • Due too little energy • Impossible to supply if there are large quantities at the top pyramid

  22. Pyramid vs Web,Types of Pyramids • A pyramid may talks about different types od animals or plants or one type • A food web talks about many types of organisms • A food chain is only one specific progression to top level

  23. Decomposer • An organisms that breaks down dead animals (recycles them) the material is recycled into environment • Ex; Worms, flies, mushrooms

  24. Autotroph (photosynthesis) • An organism that is able of making its own food • Ex: Plants • The formula for photosynthesis • Carbon dioxide+ water+ sunlight= Glucose+ Oxygen

  25. Heterotroph • An organisms that can’t make it its own food • It gets its nutrients from other sources • Ex: Human, Animals, Mushrooms

  26. Herbivore • An Organisms that only consumes plants • Ex: Cow, sheep

  27. Carnivore • An organisms that consumes meat • Ex: Cat, Dog, Tiger

  28. Omnivore • An organisms that consumes both plant and meat • Ex: Raccoons, mice, humans

  29. Saprobe • Forms of decomposers like bacteria. • They help recycle the material back into in environment • Ex: Bacteria

  30. Scavenger • They eat dead things (Leftovers) • Ex: Vultures, Hyenas, Rats

  31. Symbiosis • The way two or more organisms interact with each other YUMMY!

  32. Competition • Competition between species and among species

  33. Mutualism • An equal relationship • Both organisms benefit from it, neither organisms is harmed • EX: Tickbirds and rhinos, the bird sits on the rhino and eats ticks and early warning system.

  34. Parasitism • One animal benefits, but one get harmed • (Host) • Parasites wants to make you sick but not die • Tick and animal • Worms

  35. Predator-Prey • EX: Lion and zebra • The predator the one who hunts • Prey is one that is hunted • The predator lag behind the prey in the number • Then the prey population drops followed by the predator population

  36. Amensalism • One organism benefits and completely destroys and kills the other organisms, all plants around gets killed • Ex: The black walnut • This benefits the black walnut tree, because the walnut is getting more nutrition, and there are no competition for the water or essential nutrients.

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