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Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) Methodology. Strength of Evidence. BMJ 2008;336:924. Downgrading and Upgrading Evidence. Poor quality of planning and implementation Inconsistency of results Indirectness of evidence Imprecision of results
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Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) Methodology
Strength of Evidence BMJ 2008;336:924
Downgradingand Upgrading Evidence • Poor quality of planning and implementation • Inconsistency of results • Indirectness of evidence • Imprecision of results • High likelihood of reporting bias RCT • Start with “low-quality” rating • Magnitude of effect is very large • Dose-response relation • All plausible biases would decrease magnitude of apparent treatment effect Observational Studies
Strength of Recommendation • Strong • Recommend • when virtually all informed patients would choose the same management strategy • Weak (conditional) • Suggest • imply that choices will differ across the range of patient values and preferences