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Unit Two: Biodiversity

Unit Two: Biodiversity. Biology 112. Outcome:. Students should be able to: Understand the concept of binomial nomenclature as developed by Linneaus and understand its advantages for the scientific community. Principles of Taxonomy.

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Unit Two: Biodiversity

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  1. Unit Two: Biodiversity Biology 112

  2. Outcome: • Students should be able to: • Understand the concept of binomial nomenclature as developed by Linneaus and understand its advantages for the scientific community

  3. Principles of Taxonomy • Classification systems are used to name organisms and group them in a logical manner • Taxonomy is the study of classification of living things • Organisms are living things that can be assigned a classification based on their physical characteristics

  4. Assigning Scientific Names • Referring to organisms by their common name can be confusing • Scientists have agreed to use a single name for each species • A species is a group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring • Latin and Greek are used when assigning scientific names

  5. Binomial Nomenclature • CarolusLinneaus (1707-1778) developed a two word naming system called binomial nomenclature for all species • It is always written in italics, the first word is always capitalized and the second word in lower case • The first word indicates the genus (closely related organisms) to which the species belongs • The second word indicates the species, which may give indication about a particular trait of the organisms • Sometimes, there is a third word to indicate a subspecies (which is called trinomial nomenclature)

  6. Example of Binomial Nomenclature • Canis lupus is the gray wolf with over 37 subspecies - binomial • One of those subspecies is the domestic dog, which is named Canis lupus familiaris - trinomial

  7. Check for Understanding Do the organisms Ursusarctosand Ursusmaritimusbelong to the same genus? Same species? What characteristic do you feel as though the word ‘arctos’ conveys? ‘maritimus’?

  8. Linnaeus’s Classification System • There are 7 levels that are considered to be hierachical – from largest to smallest • Each of these levels is called a taxon or taxonomic category • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species

  9. Kingdom – plants and animals

  10. Phylum • Organisms share certain characteristics • One such phylum include mammals, whom belong to Phylum Chordata

  11. Class • Class Mammalia • Narrows the characteristics further • In this case, all the characteristics of the phylum chordata with the addition of warm-blooded, have body hair and produce milk for their young

  12. Order • Similar families are grouped into an order • Order carnivora • All the characteristics of class mammalia with the addition of meat eaters

  13. Family • A group of genera that share many common characteristics

  14. Genus and species • Homo sapien

  15. For the remainder of class… • Textbook – read pages 447-450 and complete the gudied reading for Section 18.1 • Complete question 6 on page 450 • Complete the question in the envelope... • Section 18-1 Review – due the end of class

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