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Chapter 8 Operating Systems and Utility Programs

Chapter 8 Operating Systems and Utility Programs. Chapter 8 Objectives. Next. Identify the types of system software. Summarize the features of several stand-alone operating systems. Summarize the startup process on a personal computer. Identify various network operating systems.

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Chapter 8 Operating Systems and Utility Programs

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  1. Chapter 8 Operating Systems and Utility Programs

  2. Chapter 8 Objectives Next Identify the types of system software Summarize the features of several stand-alone operating systems Summarize the startup processon a personal computer Identify various network operating systems Describe the functions of an operating system Identify devices that use several embedded operating systems Discuss ways that some operating systems help administrators control a network and administer security Explain the purpose of several stand-alone utility programs Explain the purpose of the utilities included with most operating systems

  3. System Software Operating system (OS)(sometimes called the platform) coordinates all activities among computer hardware resources Click to view animation Next • What is system software? Programs that control operation of computer Two types are operating systems and utility programs p. 392

  4. Operating Systems Next • What are the functions of an operating system? start the computer provide a user interface manage programs administer security manage memory control a network provide file management and other utilities monitor performance establish an Internet connection schedule jobs and configure devices p. 392 Fig. 8-1

  5. Operating Systems Application Operating System/Platform A Operating System/Platform B Operating System/Platform C Operating System/Platform D Next • What is a cross-platform application? • Runs identically on multiple operating systems • Operating system that computer uses is sometimes called the platform p. 393

  6. Operating System Functions Next • What is booting? • Process of starting or restarting a computer • Cold boot Turning on computer that has been powered off • Warm boot Restarting computer that is powered on Warm boot from Windows desktop Warm boot from system unit p. 394 Fig. 8-2

  7. Operating System Functions Next • What messages display on the screen when you boot the computer? p. 394 Fig. 8-3

  8. Operating System Functions Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 8, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click BIOSbelow Chapter 8 Next • How does a personal computer boot up? Step 4.Results of POST are compared with data in CMOS chip Step 1.Power supply sends signal to com-ponents in system unit Step 5.BIOS looks for system files in floppy disk drive or CD/DVD drive, and then hard disk Step 2.Processor accesses BIOS to start computer Step 6.Kernel (core) of operating system loads into RAM Step 3.BIOS runs tests, called the POST, to check components such as mouse, keyboard, and adapter cards Step 7.Operating system loads configuration information and displays desktop on screen p. 395 Fig. 8-4

  9. Operating System Functions Next • What is a recovery disk? • Contains system files that will start computer when computer cannot boot • Also called boot disk Step 1.Click Start button on taskbar, point to All Programs on Start menu, point to Accessories on All Programs submenu, point to Systems Tools on Accessories submenu, and then point to Backup. Step 2.Click Backup on Systems Tools submenu to open the Backup Utility window. (If Backup or Restore Wizard displays, click Advanced Mode link.) Point to Automated System Recovery Wizard button. Step 3.Click Automated System Recovery Wizard button to create recovery disk. Follow the on-screen instructions and insert a diskette when prompted. p. 397 Fig. 8-5

  10. Operating System Functions Click to view animation Next • What is a user interface? • Controls how you enter data and instructions and how information displays on screen command-line interface menu-driven interface p. 398 Fig. 8-6

  11. Operating System Functions Next • What is a graphical user interface (GUI)? • User interacts with menus and visual images such as icons and buttons p. 398 Fig. 8-6

  12. Operating System Functions Next • What is single user/ multitasking? • Working on two or more programs that reside in memory at same time • Foreground contains program you are using • Background contains programs that are running but are not in use p. 399 Fig. 8-7

  13. Operating System Functions Enables two or more users to run programs simultaneously Continues to operate when one of its components fails Can support two or more processors running programs at same time Has duplicate components such as processors, memory, and disk drives Click to view animation Next • What are other program management features of operating systems? multiprocessing multiuser fault-tolerant computer p. 400

  14. Operating System Functions Next • What is memory management? • Optimizing use of random access memory (RAM) • With virtual memory (VM), portion of hard disk is allocated to function as RAM (Area = SWAP File) Step 1.The operating system transfers the least recently used data and program instructions to disk because memory is needed for other functions. Step 2.The operating system transfers data and program instructions from disk to memory when they are needed. p. 400 Fig. 8-8

  15. Virtual Memory • Area of the hard disk used for virtual memory • = Swap File • The amount of data & program instructions that can swap at a given time = Page • Technique of swapping items between memory & storage = Paging • When an operating system spends much of its time paging, it is said to be thrashing.

  16. Virtual Memory • What to do when “Thrashing”? • Quit program that stop responding • Warm boot • Check if the hard disk space is less than 200MB • Remove unnecessary file from hard disk • Defrag the hard disk • Install more RAM

  17. Operating System Functions Adjusts schedule based on job’s priority Next • How does an operating system schedule jobs? Determines the order in which jobs are processed Receiving data from input device Sending information to output device A job is operation the processor manages Processing instructions Transferring items between storage and memory p. 401

  18. Operating System Functions Next Buffer = segment of memory/ storage in which items are placed while waiting to be transferred from input/ to an output • What is spooling? • Sending print jobs to buffer instead of directly to printer • Print jobs line up in queue p. 401 Fig. 8-9

  19. Operating System Functions With Plug and Play, operating system automatically configures new devices as you install them Program that tells operating system how to communicate with device Device Driver Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 8, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Plug and Playbelow Chapter 8 Next • What is a device driver? Also called driver IRQ = Interurupt request line Communications line between a device & the processor (Normally is 16) p. 402

  20. Operating System Functions Next • How do you install a device driver? Step 3. Click Add a printer link. Follow on-screen instructions. Step 4.Add Printer Wizard searches for Plug and Play printers on your computer. If it finds any such printers, it installs them. Step 1. Open Control Panel window. Point to Printers and Other Hardware link. Step 2.Click Printers and Other Hardware link. Point to Add a printer link. Step 5.If Add Printer Wizard cannot find any Plug and Play printers, you can select type of printer you want to install. An on-screen prompt may ask you to insert floppy disk, CD-ROM or DVD-ROM that contains necessary driver files to complete the installation of printer. p. 402 Fig. 8-10

  21. Operating System Functions Next • How do you establish an Internet connection? • Windows XP includes New Connection Wizard • Guides user through setting up connection between computer and Internet p. 403 Fig. 8-11

  22. Operating System Functions Next • How does an operating system monitor performance? • Provides program, called performance monitor, that assesses and reports information about system resources and devices p. 404 Fig. 8-12

  23. Operating System Functions Next • What is a network operating system? • Allows users to share printer, Internet access, files, and programs on a network • Administers security by establishing user name and password for each user p. 404 Fig. 8-13

  24. Operating System Utility Programs Next • What is a utility program? • System software that performs maintenance-type tasks • Also called utility p. 405 Fig. 8-14

  25. Operating System Utility Programs Next • What is a file manager? • Performs functions such as copying, renaming, deleting, and moving files • Image viewer displays contents of graphics file when you double click on it p. 406 Figs. 8-15–8-16

  26. Operating System Utility Programs Next • What is an uninstaller? Removes a program and all associated files In Windows XP, uninstaller is in Add/Remove Programs in Control Panel p. 406

  27. Operating System Utility Programs Next • What is a disk scanner? • Detects and corrects problems on hard disk or floppy disk • Searches for and removes unnecessary files p. 407 Fig. 8-17

  28. Operating System Utility Programs file before defragmenting fragmented disk file after defragmenting Next • What is a disk defragmenter? • Reorganizes files and unused space on hard disk so programs run faster p. 407 Fig. 8-18

  29. Operating System Utility Programs Next • What is a diagnostic utility? • Compiles technical information about hardware and some software • Prepares report outlining problems p. 408 Fig. 8-19

  30. Operating System Utility Programs Next • What is a backup utility? • Copies selected files or entire hard disk onto another disk or tape • Most compress files during backup to require less storage space p. 408 Fig. 8-20

  31. Operating System Utility Programs Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 8, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Screen Saversbelow Chapter 8 Next • What is a screen saver? • Causes monitor’s screen to display moving image or blank screen if there is no activity for a specified time • To secure computer, user configures screen saver to require password to deactivate p. 408 Fig. 8-21

  32. Types of Operating Systems Proprietary software Privately owned and limited to specific vendor or computer model Device-independent Runs on many manufacturers’ computers Device-dependent Runs only on specific type of computer Downward compatible Works with application software written for earlier version of operating system Upward compatible Runs on new versions of operating system Next • What are some characteristics of operating systems? p. 409

  33. Types of Operating Systems Embedded Network Stand-alone Next • What are three categories of operating systems? p. 409

  34. Stand-Alone Operating Systems Developed in early 1980s for personal computers D Used command-line interface when first developed, later included menus O Hardly used today because it does not offer GUI S Next • What is DOS (Disk Operating System)? p. 410

  35. Stand-Alone Operating Systems Windows Version Year Released Windows 3.x 1990 Windows NT 3.1 1993 Windows 95 1995 Windows NT Workstation 4.0 1996 Windows 98 1998 Windows Millennium Edition 2000 Windows 2000 Professional 2000 Windows XP 2001 Next • How do Windows versions compare? p. 410

  36. Stand-Alone Operating Systems Click to view video Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 8, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Windows XPbelow Chapter 8 Next • What is Windows XP? • Microsoft’s fastest, most reliable Windows operating system • Available in five editions: Home Edition, Professional Edition, Tablet PC Edition,Media Center Edition,and 64-bit Edition p. 410 Fig. 8-24

  37. Stand-Alone Operating Systems Windows XP Features Appearance and Performance Administration Help and Support Communications and the Web Digital Media Next • What are some features of Windows XP? p. 411

  38. Stand-Alone Operating Systems Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 8, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Mac OS Xbelow Chapter 8 Next • What is Mac OS X? • Available only for computers manufactured by Apple • Macintosh operating system has been model for most GUIs p. 413 Fig. 8-27

  39. Stand-Alone Operating Systems Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 8, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click UNIXbelow Chapter 8 Next • What is UNIX? • Used by power users because of its flexibility and power • Most versions offer GUI • Both a stand-alone and a network operating system p. 413 Fig. 8-28

  40. Stand-Alone Operating Systems Next • What is Linux? • Popular, free, multitasking UNIX-type operating system • Open-source softwaree—code is available to public • Both a stand-alone and a network operating system Red Hat provides a version of Linux called Red Hat Linux. The GNOME graphical user interface is shown in this example. p. 414 Fig. 8-29

  41. Network Operating Systems NetWare Designed for client/server networks Linux Multi-purposeoperating system Windows Server 2003 Upgrade to Windows 2000 Server • Solaris • Version of UNIX developed by Sun Microsystems • Specifically for e-commerce applications Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 8, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click NetWarebelow Chapter 8 Next • What are examples of network operating systems? p. 415

  42. Embedded Operating Systems Next • What is an embedded operating system? • Found on most mobile computers, PDAs, and other small devices • Windows CE .NET is scaled-down version of Windows p. 416 Fig. 8-30

  43. Embedded Operating Systems Click to view video Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 8, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Windows Mobile 2003below Chapter 8 Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 8, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Palm OS below Chapter 8 Next • What are two operating systems for PDAs? • Windows Mobile 2003 for Pocket PC • Palm OS for Palm, Visor, and CLIE p. 417 Figs. 8-31–8-32

  44. Embedded Operating Systems Next • What is Symbian OS? • Open-source, multitasking operating system designed for smart phones • Make telephone calls, save appointments, browse Web, send and receive e-mail and faxes, and more p. 417 Fig. 8-33

  45. Stand-Alone Utility Programs SIGNS OF VIRUS INFECTION Click to view animation Next • What is a virus? • Potentially damaging computer program • Affects computer without user’s knowledge p. 418 Fig. 8-34

  46. Stand-Alone Utility Programs Click to view animation Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 8, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Antivirus Programsbelow Chapter 8 Next • What is an antivirus program? • Identifies and removes viruses in memory, storage media, and incoming files • Must be updated frequently p. 418 Fig. 8-35

  47. Stand-Alone Utility Programs Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 8, Click Web Linkfrom left navigation, then click Personal Firewallsbelow Chapter 8 Next • What is a personal firewall? • Protects personal computer from unauthorized intrusions • Monitors all transmissions to and from computer p. 419 Fig. 8-36

  48. Stand-Alone Utility Programs Next • What is a file compression utility? • Shrinks size of files to free up room and improve performance • Compressed files are sometimes called zipped files • Two popular utilities: PKZIP and WinZip p. 419 Fig. 8-37

  49. Stand-Alone Utility Programs Next • What is a personal computer maintenance utility? • Identifies and fixes operating system problems and disk problems • Some continuously monitor computer to identify problems before they occur p. 420 Fig. 8-38

  50. Summary of Operating Systems and Utility Programs Define an operating system Discuss a variety of stand-alone operating systems, network operating systems, and embedded operating systems Discuss the functions common to most operating systems Describe several stand-alone utility programs Introduce several utility programs commonly found in operating systems Chapter 8 Complete

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