Learning Object?

1. Learning Object? Producer Case Task 1 What is a Web-Based Learning Object?

2. What is a learning objective? • “Learning objects are elements of a new type of computer-based instruction grounded in the object-oriented paradigm of computer science”. (Wiley, David )

3. Learning objects • “Learning objects provides better access to quality resources and supports enhanced learning outcomes.” (Muirhead) • http://www.usq.edu.au/electpub/e-jist/docs/vol8_no1/fullpapers/eval_learnobjects_school.htm

4. Essential Components of a learning object • They can be reused a number of times in different learning contexts. • Digital entities deliverable over the Internet • Learning object aide in learning • Provide instructional benefits

5. Some example of Learning Object • Multimedia content • Instructional content • Learning objectives • Instructional software and software tools, and persons • Organizations, or events referenced during technology supported learning (LOM, 2000).

6. Some example of Learning Object • Web based delivery • Computer based learning • PowerPoint presentations (web based) • Web based assessments • Digital images or photos • Live data feeds • Live or prerecorded video or audio snippets • animations • (Wiley )

7. Types of learning objects • Fundamental – An individual digital resource uncombined with any other, the fundamental learning object is generally a visual (or other) aid that serves an exhibit or example function (Wiley & Nelson, 1998). • Example: http://images.google.com/images?um=1&hl=en&lr=&as_qdr=all&q=+learning+oBJECT

8. Types of learning objects • Combined-closed – “A small number of digital resources combined at design time by the learning object's creator, whose constituent learning objects are not individually accessible for reuse (recoverable) from the Combined-closed learning object itself. A video clip exemplifies this definition, as still images and an audio track are combined in a manner which renders these constituent pieces unrecoverable (or, at least difficult to recover).” (Wiley) • Example: http://www.learner.org/resources/series34.html

9. Types of learning objects • Combined-open – “A larger number of digital resources combined by a computer in real-time when a request for the object is made, whose constituent learning objects are directly accessible for reuse (recoverable) from the Combined-open object. A webpage exemplifies this definition.” (Wiley) • Example: http://www.google.com

10. Types of learning objects • Generative-presentation –”learning objects can either draw on network-accessible objects and combine them, or generate (e.g., draw) objects and combine them to create presentations for use in reference, instruction, practice, and testing.” (Wiley) • Example: http://www.learner.org/resources/series34.html

11. Types of learning objects • Generative-instructional – “Logic and structure for combining learning objects (Fundamental, Combined-closed types, and Generative-presentation) and evaluating student interactions with those combinations, created to support the instantiation of abstract instructional strategies (such as "remember and perform a series of steps").”(Wiley) • Example: http://www.thatquiz.com/tq/practice.html?arithmetic

12. Web-based instruction • Web-based instruction is teaching and learning supported by the attributes and resources of the Internet (Khan, 1997; Relan & Gillami, 1997). • Web-based instruction use the resource provided on the world wide web to enhance learning.

13. Web-enhanced instruction. • Web-enhanced instruction refers to instruction where online tools and web resources are used to support the learning at the conventional classroom. • It could be interactive • Have Assessment to ensure learning occurs.

14. Information definitions • a message received and understood • data: a collection of facts from which conclusions may be drawn; "statistical data" • knowledge acquired through study or experience or instruction • (communication theory) a numerical measure of the uncertainty of an outcome; "the signal contained thousands of bits of information" • formal accusation of a crime wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn

15. Instruction definitions • direction: a message describing how something is to be done; "he gave directions faster than she could follow them" • education: the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill; "he received no formal education"; "our instruction was carefully programmed"; "good classroom teaching is seldom rewarded" • teaching: the profession of a teacher; "he prepared for teaching while still in college"; "pedagogy is recognized as an important profession" • (computer science) a line of code written as part of a computer program wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn

16. Learning definitions • learning • A process that "builds on or modifies understanding, capacities, abilities, attitudes and propensities in the individual." (See Inglis, Ling, & Joosten (1999) pp. 104-105) There are different theories about learning, the most important being Humanistic, Behavioristic, Cognitive and Social Learning theory and each supports a different approach to teaching and therefore to distance education. • https://courses.worldcampus.psu.edu/public/faculty/DEGlossary.shtml

17. Learning • Basically, from an educator’s perspective, learning involves helping people along the learning process, and learning includes all of the things that we do to make it happen. As an end result, we know that learning occurs when people take newfound information and incorporate it into their life. • http://www.umsl.edu/technology/frc/DEID/destination2adultlearning/2blearning.html

18. Information, Instruction, and learning. • Information is anything that an individual is capable of understanding. Information can be written communications, spoken communications, photographs, art, and music, nearly anything that is observable. • Instruction is the method of proving information to an individual with the purpose of help individuals in learning something new. • Learning is the process of gaining new knowledge, building upon existing knowledge, and changing behavior