1 / 29

Organization of The Periodic Table

Explore the fundamental concepts of the atomic structure, including the nucleus, protons, neutrons, and electrons. Learn about atomic number, isotopes, and the organization of the periodic table. Discover the relationship between mass, atomic mass, groups/families, and reactivity of elements. Differentiate between metals, metalloids, and nonmetals based on their properties. Test your knowledge with engaging assessments and gain a comprehensive understanding of the elements and their behaviors.

lorettaf
Download Presentation

Organization of The Periodic Table

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Organization of The Periodic Table

  2. Nucleus • Center of the atom. • Makes majority of the atom’s mass. • Made of Protons and Neutrons. Nucleus

  3. Protons • Part of the nucleus • Have positive (+) charge

  4. Neutrons • Part of the nucleus • Have neutral charge

  5. Electrons • Orbit around the nucleus • Have negative (-) charge

  6. Atomic Number • Definition: the number of protons in the nucleus • Tells us the identity of the element. Every element is defined by the number of protons in its nucleus

  7. Isotopes • Atoms with the same number of protons but different numbers on neutrons • Example: Carbon So you can change the number of neutrons and the element still maintains its identity

  8. Questions • 1) What particles make up an atom? • 2) What are the charges on these particles? • 3) What particles make up the nucleus?

  9. Questions • 1) What is Oxygen’s atomic number? • 2) How many protons does Oxygen have? • 3) If I have 4 protons what element am I? • 4) If I have 4 neutrons what element am I?

  10. Reading the Periodic Table Mass

  11. Atomic Mass • Definition: the ~ mass of one atom of an element • Tells us how much one atom weighs in atomic mass units. Mass

  12. Organization of The Periodic Table Group/Family Period Ordered by atomic mass. Columns arranged to form groups with similar properties

  13. Assessment • Which element has the greatest atomic mass? • Lithium • Sodium • Potassium • Rubidium

  14. Reactivity • The ease and speed with which an element combines, or reacts, with other elements or compounds Pure sodium reacts explosively with air

  15. Groups/families of elements have similar reactivity Group 1: metals that react violently with water Group 18: Gases that barely react at all

  16. Atoms have neutral charge • # of Protons (+) = # of Electrons (-) = 0 charge • Example: Hydrogen • How many electrons does C have?

  17. Take home message • The properties of an element can be predicted from its location on the Periodic Table

  18. Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals

  19. Metals • Shiny • Solids (at room temp) • Malleable – can be hammered flat • Ductile – can be pulled into wire • High Conductivity – ability to transfer heat or electricity to another object

  20. Reactivity of Metals Low High Metals will usually lose electrons when they react with other elements

  21. Nonmetals • Opposite of properties of metals • Not shiny • Poor conductors • Mostly gases (at room temperature) • Solids are brittle Sulfur

  22. Reactivity of Nonmetals Low Low High Nonmetals will usually gain or share electrons when they react with other elements

  23. Some Important Nonmetals • Carbon – important element for making up living organisms • Noble Gases – group 18 – very nonreactive. Have full outer shells.

  24. Metalloids • Inbetween metals and nonmetals • Solids (at room temp) • brittle and hard • Semiconductors – can conduct electricity under some conditions but not others. • very important for computer chips • Most common example – Silicon – in sand and glass

  25. Assessment • The atomic number is the number of • valence electrons. • neutrons. • protons in the nucleus. • electrons in the nucleus.

  26. Assessment • The periodic table is a chart of the elements that shows the repeating pattern of their • energies. • properties. • element symbols. • names.

  27. Assessment • Which piece of information cannot be found in a square on the periodic table? • Atomic mass. • Chemical symbol. • Atomic number. • Number of neutrons.

  28. Assessment • Which side of the periodic table contains most of the nonmetals? • Left side. • Right side. • Middle.

  29. Assessment • Which is not a property of nonmetals? • Brittle. • Nonmalleable. • High conductivity. • Most are gases at room temperature

More Related