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So, what makes a bond ionic?

So, what makes a bond ionic?. 1. Electrons are transferred 2. Usually involves a metal (+) and non-metal (-) Opposite sides of the table 3. Products are called salts. +. +. +. +. +. +. +. +. +. +. +. +. +. +. +. +. +. +. _. _. _. _. _. _. _. _. _. _. _. _.

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So, what makes a bond ionic?

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  1. So, what makes a bond ionic? • 1. Electrons are transferred • 2. Usually involves a metal (+) and non-metal (-) • Opposite sides of the table • 3. Products are called salts

  2. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Ionic compounds are tightly packed together to form ioniccrystals = Negatives Positives Lattice fence Strong attraction of positive to negative result in the formation of a crystallattice

  3. As a result, ionic compounds have a very high bond strength.

  4. When determining the strength of a bond, scientist look at three things • Hardness • Melting Point • Boiling Point

  5. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Hard, Rigid, Brittle Crystalline Structure Ionic compounds form hard crystalline structures But the structure will break in a characteristic way if a force is applied.

  6. + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Hard, Rigid, Brittle Crystalline Structure Ionic compounds form hard crystalline structures But the structure will break in a characteristic way if a force is applied.

  7. Salt - NaCl Image from the website: http://www.soes.soton.ac.uk/resources/collection/minerals/minerals/pages/M12-Halite.htm www.csuhayward.edu/SCI/sem/back/images/salt1.gif http://www.dit.ie/DIT/science/chemistry/rsccomp/competition01/hawkesclancy/NaCl.gif

  8. Melting and Boiling Points • The intermolecular forces between ions are strong and require more energy to break. • More Energy = Higher Temperatures • Therefore, ionic compounds have _______melting and boiling points. High

  9. + + + + + + _ _ _ _ _ _ When ionic compounds are solid… • They are nonconductors of electricity • Why? • They are so tightly packed they can’t move. Nothing

  10. + + + + + + _ _ _ _ _ _ However, when they are in water (or melt)… • The ions separate or dissociate, then they can move and can carry electricity.

  11. + + + + + + _ _ _ _ _ _ However, when they are in water (or melt)… • The ions separate or dissociate, then they can move and can carry electricity. ZAP!!!

  12. A special name for ionic solutions • Electrolytes are ionic compounds that are dissolved in a medium. • The most common medium • Hint: When you hear Electrolyte, think electricity - water

  13. Conductivity in Action Water – the medium Sugar – Covalent Bonding Table Salt – Ionic Bonding Image from the website: http://people.bu.edu/straub/courses/demomaster/electrolytes.html

  14. Ionic Bonds are exothermic When made, they release energy Energy, usually heat, exits (exo) the system And it takes energy to break ionic bonds after they are made. This energy is called the lattice energy.

  15. Facts about Lattice Energies The more negative the value, the harder it is to break. This fact is related to: • Size of Ions • Charge of the ion

  16. Size of Ions • Smaller ions have more negative values because their nuclei are closer together and they have more attraction to each other. • Therefore, it is harder to pull apart.

  17. Charge of the Ion • Large positive or negative ions have a more negative lattice energy. • So they are harder to pull apart.

  18. Homework • Page 175: 2, 3, 4, 6 and Page 184: 26 - 29

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