The Rise of Fascism and Totalitarianism in Europe - A Historical Overview

1. THE RISE OF FASCISM ADOLF HITLER FASCIST LEADER OF GERMNAY BENITO MUSSOLINI FASCIST LEADER OF ITALY

2. What is Fascism? • Is a form of government • Believed in a Totalitarian nation • Against DEMOCRACY • Against COMMUNISM • Believed in EXTREME NATIONALISM • Believed in EXTREME MILITARISM

3. FASCISM—The Ideas • Against Democracy: Thought Democracy was too slow—the whole voting thing takes way too long! • Totalitarian State: Wanted one smart & strong leader! Most efficient form of government; one leader with one voice. • Extreme Nationalism & Militarism: Exaggerated accomplishments of nation; held military as true might of nations power! • Against Communism: Thought a nation full “working class” people caused Nationalism to weaken.

4. CAUSES OF FASCISM • Great Depression: Economic problems, inflation, affect Italy & Germany. • Fear of Communism: Peasants began to mimic Russia’s revolution; rich business join Fascist party to keep business. • Appeal to Nationalism: Italy & Germany felt embarrassed after WW I; wanted rebuild strong nation! • Lack of government: Treaty of Versailles forced Italy & Germany to have new gov.—they wanted their own (more nationalism)

5. Black Tuesday 1929- stock market crashes Treaty of Versailles Great Depressionduring 1930s Totalitarianism Increasing influence of new political parties that emphasize state control-For example: Communism, Nazism, Fascism Total Controlof State by aDictator

6. Totalitarianism *These theories, specifically Communism and Fascism, are completely different theories that are bitterly opposed; however they exhibit the same behaviour

7. Communism • I am Joseph Stalin, the leader of the Soviet Union from 1922-1953. • What is Communism? • LEFT WING • based on theory by Karl Marx • revolutionary idea of a political, economic and social system that creates a “classless society” • state ownership and control of the means of production (no private ownership) • Soviet Communism or “Stalinism”, was more of a totalitarian and military state combined with elements of communism

8. Fascism • I am Benito Mussolini the leader (Il Duce) of Italy from 1922 to 1943. • What is Fascism? • RIGHT WING • intense nationalism and elitism • totalitarian control • interests of the state more important than individual rights • maintain class system and private ownership

9. Nazism • I am Adolf Hitler the leader (der Fuhrer) or dictator of Germany from 1933 to 1945. • What is Nazism? • extremely fascist , nationalistic and totalitarian • based on beliefs of the National Socialist German Workers Party • belief in the racial superiority of the Aryan, the “master race” • belief that all Germans should have “lebensraum” or living space in Europe • Violent hatred towards Jews and blamed Germany’s problems on them

10. Militarism I am Hideki Tojo & Hirohito leaders of Japan from 1941- 1944 Goals and Ideas: • Though Japan had an emperor, the military had taken control of the government • Emperor Hirohito could not stand up to the powerful generals, but he was worshipped by the people, who often fought in his name • Industrialization of Japan, lending to a drive for raw materials – how do you get raw materials? IMPERIALISM • Invasion of Korea, Manchuria, and the rest of China (the League of Nations did nothing) Hideki Tojo, Military Leader of Japan Hirohito, Emperor of Japan

11. Nazi Controls