Skin Disorders and Diseases

1. OMHS Anatomy and Physiology Presentation Skin Disorders and Diseases

2. Skin Conditions in Athletics • Can be caused or made worse by athletic participation • Can be prevented with proper hygiene & ensuring that equipment & shoes fit properly • Usually caused by bacteria or fungi that thrive in warm, damp areas • Infectious forms can spread rapidly in contact sports

3. Acne Mechanica • Results from heat, pressure, occlusion, and friction • Usually occurs on shoulders, back, head • Common result when using tight, synthetic clothing, helmets, & shoulder pads

4. Occur in warm, moist areas of body Tinea pedis: fungal infection that thrives in warmth & dampness; often referred to as Athlete’s Foot or ringworm Tinea Cruris: fungal infection found in the groin area; often referred to as Jock Itch Fungal Infections

5. Fungal Infections, cont. • Symptoms: • Inflammation • Burning • Itching • Scaling • Blistering • Treatment Goal: • Reduce moisture • Avoid transmission • Treatment • At home, take off shoes & expose feet to air • Change socks & underwear daily • Dry feet carefully after using public locker room • Avoid walking barefoot in public areas • Don’t wear thick clothing for long periods in warm weather • Throw away worn out shoes • Do not share shoes, headgear, towels

6. Fungal Infections

7. Athlete’s foot Athlete's foot can cause itching, stinging and burning between your toes. It may also cause cracking, peeling skin.

8. Herpes Gladiatorum • Type of herpes fungal infection • Transmitted by virus through skin-to-skin contact (ex. wrestling) • Treatment: topical & oral antifungal medications • Out 10-15 days

9. Blisters • Caused by friction, along with heat & moisture • Tear occurs, forming space between layers of skin • Fluid seeps into space-skin bubbles • Treatment: • Relieve pain • Keep blister from enlarging • Avoid infection • Prevention: • Keep skin lubricated • Properly fitting shoes & socks

10. blisters

11. Plantar Warts • Small, hard growths on the bottom of the foot • Caused by a virus; contagious • Treatment: cutting, burning, freezing off • Prevention: DON’T WALK BAREFOOT @ SCHOOL/GYM--EVER

12. MRSA : Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus • Type of staph infection resistant to antibiotics • Transmission • Person-to-person contact • Poor hygiene • Shared equip., towels • Improperly cleaned equipment • Symptoms • A skin abscess • Drainage of pus or other fluids from the site • Fever • Warmth/Reddening around the infected area • Diagnosis • Only through microbial testing • Treatment: • Surgically excised • Powerful antibiotics

13. MRSA

14. 10 Ways to Avoid MRSA • Keep hands clean • Shower immediately following activity • Avoid whirlpools or common tubs • Avoid sharing towels, razors, daily athletic gear • Properly wash athletic gear & towels after each use • Maintain clean facilities & equipment • Inform or refer to appropriate health care • Administer or seek first aid • Encourage health care professionals to seek bacterial cultures for proper diagnosis • Care & cover skin lesions/cut properly before participation

15. PSORIASIS Psoriasis is a chronic, autoimmune disease that appears on the skin. It occurs when the immune system sends out faulty signals that speed up the growth cycle of skin cells. It commonly causes red, scaly patches to appear on the skin, although some patients have no dermatological symptoms.

16. PSORIASIS Psoriasis is not contagious.

17. Port-wine stain is a flat pink, red, or purplish discoloration present at birth due to malformed blood vessels. Port-wine stains are harmless, permanent discolorations. However, their cosmetic appearance may be psychologically bothersome or even devastating. Port-wine Stain

18. A chronic disorder that causes depigmentation of patches of skin. It occurs when melanocytes, the cells responsible for skin pigmentation, die or are unable to function. Vitiligo

19. Vitiligo The cause of vitiligo is unknown, but research suggests that is may arise from autoimmune, genetic, oxidative stress, neural, or viral causes. The incidence worldwide is less than 1%.

20. Skin Cancer • Malignant melanoma – Cancerous melanocytes grow and spread quickly. • 2% of all cancers • Risks: • Skin type • Sun exposure • Family history • Age • Immunological status Normal mole Melanoma • A= asymmetry • B= border • C= color • D= diameter

21. Actinic Keratosis Caused by sun damage. Can lead to squamouscell carcinoma.

22. Basal Cell Carcinoma The most common skin cancer. Treatment is usually surgical removal. Survival rate is very good.

23. Untreated…..

24. Burns

25. A description of the traditional and current classifications of burns.

27. A common disorder that occurs when the edge of the toenail grows into the skin of the toe particularly on the big (great) toe. The corner of the nail curves down into the skin, often due to mis-trimming of the nail, or due to shoes that are too tight. An ingrown toenail can be painful and lead to infection. Ingrown toenail:

28. The most common fungus infection of the nails is onychomycosis. Onychomycosis makes the nails look white and opaque, thickened, and brittle. Fungal nail infection:

29. Male pattern baldness Baldness is the state of having no hair or lacking hair where it often grows, especially on the head. The most common form of baldness is a progressive hair thinning condition called androgenic alopecia or "male pattern baldness" that occurs in adult male humans.

30. Aging of the Integument ● Skin repair processes take longer due to reduced number and activity of stem cells. ● Skin forms wrinkles and becomes less resilient. ● Skin’s immune responsiveness is diminished. ● Skin becomes drier due to decreased sebaceous gland activity. ● Altered skin and hair pigmentation.

31. Aging of the Integument Con’t. ● Sweat production diminishes. ● Blood supply to the dermis is reduced leading to impaired thermoregulation. ● Hair thinning and loss. ● Integumentaryproduction of vitamin D3 diminishes. ● Development of skin cancers.

32. Lanugo is a fine, downy layer of hair that covers your baby's body while in the womb. It helps to hold the vernix in place. Vernix, technically known as “VernixCasoesa,” is a cheesy or waxy white substance that is found coating the skin of newborn babies. Vernix is secreted by the baby’s sebaceous glands while it is still in the uterus. Vernix is thought to protect the baby’s skin from the amniotic fluid surrounding it. Without the vernix, the baby’s skin would become wrinkly, much like regular human skin that has been in the water for too long. Some research has suggested that the vernix has antibacterial properties, and helps keep the unborn baby from infections. Milia are small white bumps on the skin of newborn babies, resulting from accumulations of sebaceous gland material. A Baby soft integument…

33. Take good care of the skin y0u’re in!