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Marine Environments

Marine Environments. Let’s Think About it…. What part of the ocean do you think contains the most life? The least life?. http://www.iteachbio.com/Marine-Biology/Coastal_Biomes__Where_The_Land_Meets_The_Sea.MOV. Supratidal Zone. Major Marine Life Zones.

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Marine Environments

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  1. Marine Environments

  2. Let’s Think About it… What part of the ocean do you think contains the most life? The least life? http://www.iteachbio.com/Marine-Biology/Coastal_Biomes__Where_The_Land_Meets_The_Sea.MOV

  3. Supratidal Zone

  4. Major Marine Life Zones Supratidal zone- an area of the upper beach that gets a fine mist of salt spray from the crashing waves. • Contains beach plants, grasses, shrubs, and trees.

  5. Intertidal Zone

  6. Intertidal zone- the turbulent area between high tide and low tide. • This is where clams, mussels, sea worms, and seaweeds live. • The long line of seaweed called the strandline marks the high tide on beaches.

  7. Subtidal Zone

  8. Subtidal zone- the area below the intertidal zone. • This zone includes the surf zone, an area of turbulence. Fish , crabs, sea stars, and sea urchins live in the area.

  9. Neritic zone- lies above the continental shelf, the shallow part of the seafloor that surrounds the continents. • This is the main area for commercial fishing.

  10. Oceanic zone- extends beyond the neritic zone and includes most of the open sea.

  11. Pelagic Zone Together the neritic and the oceanic zones make up the largest marine life zone known as the Pelagic zone • Photic zone- closest to the surface • Aphotic zone- no light penetrates

  12. Benthic zone- includes the entire ocean floor, from the intertidal zone to the ocean basin. Organisms living here exhibit unique adaptations to conditions on the ocean floor.

  13. Marine Life Zones

  14. Summary The ocean contains several life zones that are characterized by particular communities of plants and animals that are adapted to live in those environments. Marine Biology

  15. What Other Marine Environments Can You Think Of? Estuaries, Salt Marshes, Mangrove Swamps, and Coral Reefs

  16. The Estuary • Freshwater rivers drain into the Ocean. • Where the freshwater and the salt water meet and mix is called an Estuary. • The mixture of water that is a combination of salt and freshwater is called Brackish water.

  17. Estuaries are very productiveareas….many organisms lay their eggs there. • Water is calm because they are protected by Barrier Beaches.

  18. The Salt Marsh

  19. Salt Marsh Community- • Marsh grasses • Controlled by tides • Have nutrient rich waters • Are considered the “nurseries” of the estuary.

  20. Mud Flats

  21. The Mud Flat Community • Has dark muddy sand. • No grasses. • Little or no aeration in the sand. • Considered the “graveyards” of the estuary.

  22. Mud Flats are caused by decomposing bacteria turning the wastes in the sand into a dark mud. • Decomposers cause decaying • organisms to produce H2S (foul smelling odor).

  23. A Mangrove Swamp

  24. The Mangrove Community • Found in warmer, tropical areas. • Inlets and bays are covered by mangrove trees. • Mangrove swamps protect the shore from erosion. • Mangrove swamps act like giant sponges and absorb the impact of storms and high waters.

  25. Coral Reefs

  26. The Coral Reef • Has the most biodiversity of all the marine environments. • Found in tropical and sub-tropical zones. • Reefs are built from the sea floor by coral polyps.

  27. Reefs will grow up to the surface, but will not grow out of the water. • Australia’s Great Barrier Reef is the world’s largest natural made structure (2000km), and contains over 1500 species of fish.

  28. Many reefs are now in danger of being destroyed because of over fishing, diving, pollution, and poor handling of educating the public on the importance of maintaining the vitality of coral reef populations. http://www.iteachbio.com/Marine-Biology/Coral_Reefs__Threatened_Ecosystems.mov

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