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Astronomy in Medieval Arabic Sicily: Legacy and Discoveries

Explore the scientific advancements during Muslim rule in Sicily with renowned astronomers and notable achievements in astronomy, mathematics, and mechanics under rulers like Roger II. Unravel the unexplored archives and the cultural exchange that enriched the region. Delve into the preserved texts and innovations that shaped the scientific landscape in Medieval Sicily.

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Astronomy in Medieval Arabic Sicily: Legacy and Discoveries

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  1. 4th AZARQUIEL SCHOOL Porto Palo di Capo Passaro, 12 June 2017 ASTRONOMY AND OTHER SCIENCES IN ARABIC SICILY Ileana Chinnici INAF- Osservatorio Astronomico di Palermo

  2. A plannedoccupation … 827 – landingat Mazara del Vallo 832 – Palermo wasoccupied 878 – Syracuse wasravaged 965 – Rometta (near Messine) wasconquered

  3. What about science? Science islikewheatwhichismassed in Medina, polished in Baghdad, groundat Kairouan, sifted in Cordoba and eatenat Fez. (Arabicadage of 12th century) … under the Muslimdomination, Sicilyprosperedbecause of the considerablenumber of scientists, poets and illustriouspersonalities, and competed with Spain … (Renda 2003)

  4. Kalbid Emirs (948-1040) Palermo (Bal’harm) = 300.000 inhabitants • music, poetry • mathematics, astronomy Ibn-Katta’ (1041-1121):poets, mathematicians and astronomers • Abu-Hafs-Omar-ibn-Hasan-ibn-Kûni • Abu-Abd-Allah-Mohammed-ibn-Hasan-ibn-Kereni Makrizi (1364-1442): • Abu-Mohammed-Abd-el-Kerîm (astronomer exiled to Cairo)

  5. No information about illustrious astronomers, astronomical observatories, astronomical texts. Lack of documentation • revolutions • occupation by Normans • unexplored archives

  6. Normandoccupation 1061 – Messina 1071 - Catania 1072 – Palermo 1086 - Syracuse

  7. … a secondMuslimSicily, under Normandprotection … (Renda 2003) King Roger II (ca.1120-1154)

  8. Under Roger II (1130-1154) • Astronomy • Abu-s-Salt-Omeia(1067-ca. 1154) • Mohammed-ibn-Isa-ibn-Adb-el-Mon’im(mid-12th century) • Mechanics Roger’s clock (1142)

  9. Trilingual inscription (Latin, Greek, Arabic) Water clock (Amari, 1882) Mechanical clock (Foderà 1990) Astronomical clock (Tuscano 2014) Royal Palace (Palermo)

  10. muqarnas Palatine Chapel, 1131

  11. Astronomical orientation of many Normand churches and monasteries Palermo Koranic verse from sura 7 Monreale Cefalù

  12. Under Roger II (1130-1154) • Astronomy • Abu-s-Salt-Omeia(1067-ca. 1154) • Mohammed-ibn-Isa-ibn-Adb-el-Mon’im(mid-12th century) • Mechanics Roger’s clock (1142) • Geography • Abn-Abdallah-al-Edrisi(ca. 1110-1165)

  13. Book of Roger (Nozhat)

  15. NOZHAT or BOOK OF ROGER (1154) PLANISPHERE (Tabula Rogeriana) ARMILLARY SPHERE – Sefedi (?-1362)

  16. Under William I (1125-1166) • Translations • Optics by Ptolemy (from Arabic) Admiral Eugenius of Sicily (12th century) • Almagestum by Ptolemy (from Greek, ca. 1160) Emperor Manuel I Comnenus (1118-1180)

  17. Under William I (1125-1166) • Translations • Optics by Ptolemy (from Arabic) Admiral Eugenius of Sicily (12th century) • Almagestum by Ptolemy (from Greek, ca. 1160) Commentary to Toledane tables John of Sicily (13th century)

  18. King William II (ca.1153-1189) Palerme is a blessed city, where people speakthreelanguages (Peter of Eboli, 13th century)

  19. Astronomy and other sciences in Arabic Sicily: what is extant?

  20. Michele Amari (1806-1889) Storia dei Musulmani in Sicilia (1863)

  21. … (to be continued) archives, libraries, museums

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