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2. Understanding Human Sexuality: Theory and Research. Freud’s Psychodynamic Theory. The Unconscious: Libido, Thanatos Id, Ego, Superego Psychosexual Stages of Development. Behaviorism. Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Behavior Modification Social Learning Theory.
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2 Understanding Human Sexuality: Theory and Research
Freud’s Psychodynamic Theory • The Unconscious: Libido, Thanatos • Id, Ego, Superego • Psychosexual Stages of Development
Behaviorism Classical Conditioning Operant Conditioning Behavior Modification Social Learning Theory
Cognitive Thoughts Perceptions
Humanistic Theory Maslow Hierarchy of Needs Rogers
Biological Theories Biology Evolution
Other Theories Sociological Theory Feminist Theory Queer Theory
Sex Researchers • In 19th century, Western sexuality began to be studied from a scientific framework • Fascinated with “pathologies” of sex: fetishism, sadism, masturbation, homosexuality • Since that time, a liberalizing trend in our thinking about sexuality • 20th century researchers viewed sexuality more positively
Sex Researchers • Three themes evident in later 20th century sex researchers’ work: • Belief that sexual expression is essential to an individual’s well being • Desire to broaden the range of legitimate sexual activity, including homosexuality • Belief that female sexuality is equal of male sexuality
Richard von Krafft-Ebing (1840-1902) • Psychopathia Sexualis (1886)
Havelock Ellis (1859-1939) • Studies in the Psychology of Sex (1897-1910)
Alfred Kinsey (1894-1956) • Sexual Behavior in the Human Male (1948) • Sexual Behavior in the Human Female (1953)
Masters & Johnson • Human Sexual Response (1966) • Human Sexual Inadequacy (1970)
Large Scale Sexuality Studies • The National Health and Social Life Survey (1994) • The Youth Risk Behavior Survey (2001) • National College Health Assessment (2006)
Scientific Methods • Cases Studies • Surveys • Direct Observation • Participant Observation
Experimental Research • Correlational studies • Experimental studies • Independent variables • Dependent variables • Internet-Based Research
Problems and Issues in Sex Research • Ethical Issues • Volunteer Bias • Sampling Problems • Reliability