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Bonding

Bonding. I . Chemical Compounds. A. Chemical compounds is a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions 1. Example: the compound water consists of one atom of oxygen and two atoms of hydrogen. II. Chemical Formulas.

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Bonding

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  1. Bonding

  2. I. Chemical Compounds • A. Chemical compounds is a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions • 1. Example: the compound water consists of one atom of oxygen and two atoms of hydrogen

  3. II. Chemical Formulas • A. Chemical formulas tell you what elements a compound contains & the exact number of atoms of each element in one unit of that compound. • 1. subscripts mean “written below” tells you how many atoms of that element are in the compound.

  4. III. Chemical Bonds • A. The type of bonds that are made between atoms to form compounds are determined by valance electrons. • 1. Valance e⁻ are the outermost e⁻ in an atom • B. Electron dot diagrams show only the electrons in the outer energy level of an atom. He Na Ne

  5. IV. Types of Bonds • A. Atoms are only stable when they have a full valence shell. They will lose/gain or share electrons. • B. The two main types of bonds are: • 1. Ionic Bonds • 2. Covalent Bonds

  6. IV. Types of Bonds • A. Ionic Bonds • 1. Electrons are transferred from 1 atom to another • 2. Make positive and negative ions. Written with superscripts (+, -) • B. Covalent Bonds • 1. Electrons are shared between atoms • 2. Make molecules • Single bond-2 e- are shared • Double bond-4 e- are shared

  7. Ionic Bonds – force of attraction between opposite charges of the ions. Formed usually between a metal & nonmetal • Potassium & Iodine • Magnesium & Chlorine • Covalent bond – creates molecules sharing one or more electrons. Formed usually between 2 nonmetals.

  8. V. Polar Molecules • A. Along covalent bonds electrons are not always shared equally. This creates polar molecules with each side being only slightly charged. (δ+, δ-) • 1. The strength of attraction between the electrons depends on the size of the positive charged nucleus & distance between nucleus.

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