Your Body’s Structure

1. Your Body’s Structure Organization Tissues Skeleton- Bone Muscles

2. Organization of the Body • Cells • Tissues • Organs • Systems • Organism

3. Organ Systems • Skeletal- protects • Muscular- moves • Circulatory- transports • Endocrine- hormones • Nervous- coordination • Respiratory- oxygen • Immune- fights • Digestive- food • Urinary- removal • Reproductive- birth • Integument- skin • SKIN IS THE LARGEST ORGAN OF YOUR BODY

4. Tissues • 4 principal types of tissues: • Epithelium • Connective • Muscle • Nerve

5. Epithelium • First name, middle name, last name • First name: Number of layers • One layer = Simple • More than one layer = Stratified • Middle name: shape of cells • Flat (squashed) = Squamous • Square (cubed) = Cuboidal • Tall (columns) = Columnar • Last name: tissue type • Always, “Epithelium”

6. Connective tissue • “Connects the body” • Types: BONE, FAT, CARTILAGE, BLOOD • Three functional categories: • 1. Immune Connective tissue • Macrophages- engulf and digest invaders • Lymphocytes- white blood cells that make antibodies • 2. Skeletal Connective tissue • Fibroblasts, cartilage, bone • 3. Storage and transport connective tissue • Adipose = fat, erythrocytes = red blood cells

7. Connective Tissue Cells • First part of word, last part of word • First part of word: type of cell: • Fibro-, a fiber cell • Osteo-, a bone cell • Erythro, a red blood cell • Chondro-, a cartilage cell • Last part of word: the age of the cell • Young = -blast • Old = -cyte • Examples: TYPE OF CELLYOUNG/OLD? • Fibrocyte _____ _____, Osteocyte ____ ____ • Erythroblast _____ ____, Erythrocyte _____ _____

8. Muscle • Striations in muscle are alternating light and dark bands (like stripes) • 3 Types of muscles: • Smooth- NO STRIATIONS, involuntary • Cardiac- striations, involuntary • Skeletal- striations, voluntary

9. Nerves • Two types of nerve cells: • 1. Neuron –Aardvark (ant eater) • Cell body = head • Dendrites = ears • Axon = nose • 2. Glia (glee-a) -nerve glue • Nerves NEVER touch with other nerves, muscle or organs • Nerves are charged ________ on the outside and ______ on the inside • Synapse (sin-naps)- connection with axon • Axon-axon, axon-muscle, axon-organ

10. The Human Skeleton • Axial • Skull, spine, ribs • Appendicular • Arms, legs

11. Bone- Connective tissue • Compact Bone • Special blood supply system, Haversian System • Spongy Bone • Bone Marrow • No special blood supply needed

12. How muscles Work • Neuromuscular junction: No touching please! • Muscle contraction events: Electrical to Chemical to mechanical • Two important muscle fibers: • Actin • Myocin = golf clubs • ATP is important for attachment or release of myosin from actin?

13. Muscles to Know • Anatomical Name, (Common name) (pronunciation), location and action • 1. Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) (Sterno-cly-dough-mast-oid), located- neck, action- both SCMs nod the head, left SCM turns head right, right SCM turns head left • 2. Pectorals, (Pects) (Pec-tore-als) located- in chest, action- brings the arms together • 3. Latissmus Dorsi (Lats), (La-tiss-I-mus Door-sigh) located- in the back, action- brings the arms down to the side (swimmer’s muscle)

14. More Muscles to Know • 4. Biceps, (Bys) (Buy-ceps) located- front of upper arm, action- bends elbow • 5. Triceps, (Trys) (Try-ceps) located- back of upper arm, action- extends elbow • 6. Abdominals, located- front of abdomen, action- bends trunk forward

15. Yet More Muscles to Know • 7. Trapezius (Traps) (Trap-peas-e-ous), located- in the upper back and back of the neck, action- raises shoulders to the ears • 8. Quadriceps (Quads) (Quad-rye-septs), located- front of leg (four muscles), action- kicks leg • 9. Gluteus maximus, (Gluts) located- buttock, action- brings leg back • 10. Hamstrings, (Hams) located- back of leg, action- brings foot to buttock