Achievement Growth F indings from international comparisons and policy implications

1. Programme for International Student Assessment Achievement GrowthFindings from international comparisons and policy implications Harvard Kennedy School, 26 July 2012 Andreas Schleicher Special advisor to the Secretary-General on Education Policy Deputy Director for Education

2. PISA countries in 2003 2000 2001 2006 2009 1998 Coverage of world economy 83% 77% 81% 85% 86% 87% PISA - an internationally agreed 2-hour test that goes beyond testing whether students can reproduce what they were taught… …to assess students’ capacity to extrapolate from what they know and creatively apply their knowledge in novel situations • In 2009 over half a million students • representing 28 million 15-year-olds in 74* education systems took the PISA test

3. High reading performance Average performanceof 15-year-olds in reading – extrapolate and apply Performance distribution in US 18% do not reach baseline Level 2 (16% when excluding immigrants) (Finland 6%, Canada 9%) • Economic cost: 72 trillion $ 10% are top performers (Shanghai 20%) Northeast Suburban schools Midwest West Urban schools South … 17 countries perform below this line Low reading performance

4. High reading performance Average performanceof 15-year-olds in science – extrapolate and apply High average performance Large socio-economic disparities High average performance High social equity Strong socio-economic impact on student performance Socially equitable distribution of learning opportunities Low average performance Large socio-economic disparities Low average performance High social equity Low reading performance

5. High reading performance 2009 Durchschnittliche Schülerleistungen im Bereich Mathematik High average performance Large socio-economic disparities High average performance High social equity Strong socio-economic impact on student performance Socially equitable distribution of learning opportunities Low average performance Large socio-economic disparities Low average performance High social equity Low reading performance

6. High reading performance 2009 Durchschnittliche Schülerleistungen im Bereich Mathematik High average performance Large socio-economic disparities High average performance High social equity Strong socio-economic impact on student performance Socially equitable distribution of learning opportunities Low average performance Large socio-economic disparities Low average performance High social equity Low reading performance

7. High performing systems often prioritize the quality of teachers over the size of classesContribution of various factors to upper secondary teacher compensation costsper student as a percentage of GDP per capita (2004) Percentage points

8. High reading performance 2009 Durchschnittliche Schülerleistungen im Bereich Mathematik High average performance Large socio-economic disparities High average performance High social equity Strong socio-economic impact on student performance Socially equitable distribution of learning opportunities Low average performance Large socio-economic disparities Low average performance High social equity Low reading performance

9. High reading performance 2000 Durchschnittliche Schülerleistungen im Bereich Mathematik High average performance Large socio-economic disparities High average performance High social equity Strong socio-economic impact on student performance Socially equitable distribution of learning opportunities Low average performance Large socio-economic disparities Low average performance High social equity Low reading performance

10. High reading performance 2000 Durchschnittliche Schülerleistungen im Bereich Mathematik High average performance Large socio-economic disparities High average performance High social equity Strong socio-economic impact on student performance Socially equitable distribution of learning opportunities Other rapid improvers in reading: Peru, Indonesia, Latvia, Israel and BrazilRapid improvers in mathematics: Mexico, Brazil, Turkey, Greece, Portugal, Italy and Germany Rapid improvers in science: Qatar, Turkey, Portugal, Korea, Brazil, Colombia, Italy, Norway, United States, Poland Low average performance Large socio-economic disparities Low average performance High social equity Low reading performance

11. Student performance PISA Index of socio-economic background Disadvantage Advantage School performance and socio-economic background United States Private school Public school in rural area Public school in urban area

12. Changes in performance by type of task Increase percentage correct Japan Japan OECD OECD

15. Thank you ! Find out more about PISA at… OECD www.pisa.oecd.org All national and international publications The complete micro-level database Email: Andreas.Schleicher@OECD.org … and remember: Without data, you are just another person with an opinion