Jewish, Christian or Muslim?

1. Jewish, Christian or Muslim? • Believers in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam often do not realize how similar their desert religions ar. From the following list, pick out which are from the Jewish Bible (Old Testament), the Christian Bible (New Testament), or the Muslim Bible (the Koran). • J for Jewish , C for Christian, and / Or M for Muslim • 1. “And we said: Oh Adam! You and your wife dwell in the garden, and eat freely of it’s fruits, but do not come near this tree or you will become wrong doers. • 2. O Children of Israel! Remember that I favored you and preferred you above all creatures. • 3. And when Moses spent forty nights in solitude, you chose the calf when he had gone from you, and in doing so were wrong doers. • 4. And when the Angels said: o Mary, verily God hath chosen thee and purified thee above all other women. • 5. The Messiah, Jesus son of Mary, is only the messenger of God, and his word which he cast upon Mary came from the spirit within him.

2. Islam:The Expansion of and Early Empires Miss Bonner

4. LOCATION • Arabian Peninsula – Southwest Asia, AKA the Middle East • Serves as a bridge between Africa, Asia, and Europe, allowing goods and ideas to be shared.

5. THE ARABIAN PENINSULA • This land is desert, so the people living there were nomadic. • “Bedouins” were organized into clans – tribes and groups that provided security and support in the harsh conditions

6. THE ARABIAN PENINSULA • By the early 600s CE, many Arabs settled in an oasis or market town, creating permanent trade routes between the Byzantine and Persian Empires, and along the Silk Roads • Traded – spices, incense, silk, ideas and other products, and used camels to transport across land.

7. CAMELS!

8. THE ARABIAN PENINSULA • Mecca was along the trade routes, and traders would stop at the Ka’aba, adding idols to be worshipped along with many gods and spirits. • Monotheism also existed in the area – Arabic Christians and Jews worshiped one God. • God = Allah (Arabic) = Eluhim • (Hebrew) = El (Aramaic)

9. MUHAMMAD • Muhammad became distressed with the idol worship of Arabs, so he began to fast and meditate about the fate of his people. • At about 40, Muhammad heard the voice of the Angel Gabriel telling him that there was only one Lord, Allah. • Muhammad believed he was the last and the greatest in a series of prophets of Allah, starting first with Abraham and including Moses and Jesus. (Muhammad=“The Prophet”) • Born in Mecca around 570AD; little is known of his early life • He had no formal education- he was an illiterate caravan worker and camel driver • Worked as a trader for a wealthy widow caravan owner, Khadijah, and at age 25, they married

10. ABRAHAMIC RELIGIONS • Muhammad is a descendant of Abraham, and his beliefs are based on Abraham’s prophecy. • Judaism, Christianity, and Islam are all Abrahamic faiths, and the “God” is the same

11. THE DOME OF THE ROCK • In Jerusalem – oldest standing Islamic monument • Spot where Abraham prepared to sacrifice his son Isaac to God, and Muhammad ascended to heaven to learn Allah’s will

12. MUHAMMAD SPREADS ISLAM • Muhammad began to preach Islam in 613 CE, but was met with hostility and rejection in Mecca, because many thought it would hurt Mecca as a trading and pilgrimmage center. • Muhammad left Mecca in 622 CE and began the Hijrah, or “flight” to Yathrib, which was renamed Medina. This is year 1 in Muslim calendar. • There, he joined Arabs, Muslims and Jews together into one community, or “umma” and served them as a political, religious and military leader.

13. MUHAMMAD SPREADS ISLAM • In 630, Muhammad led 10,000 followers to Mecca • Many Meccans converted to Islam and join the umma. • Muhammad dies 2 years later in 632 at age 62. • After his death, Muhammad’s revelations were written in Arabic and collected the Qu’ran, the holy book of the Muslims, seen as a sequel to the Torah and Gospels

14. THE QU’RAN • Arabic is the language of the Qu’ran, and only Arabic is the true word of Allah, used to unite and control later conquered peoples.

15. MUSLIM WAY OF LIFE • May not drink alcohol or eat pork • No priests or central religious authority – worship Allah directly • Ulama – scholar class of religious teachers who apply Muhammad’s teachings to everyday life. • Must follow the Five Pillars:

16. THE FIVE PILLARS • FAITH • PRAYER • ALMS • FASTING • PILGRIMMAGE (HAJJ)

17. Do Now: • We will be finishing Islamic Achievement today and moving onto trade and commerce. • We will then work on two important Muslim Empires while also looking at what was going on in other parts of the world. • Please have your notebooks open to the Islam notes from yesterday in order to complete the Islamic achievement portion. • Thank you.

18. Islamic Achievement

19. The Golden Age of Muslim Civilization: The Abbasid Empire Literature • Literature influenced by Indian, Persian, Greek, Jewish, Egyptian influences • Qu’ran considered to be the most important piece of Arabic literature • A Thousand and One Nights: collection of stories which includes Aladdin and his magic lamp.

20. The Golden Age of Muslim Civilization: The Abbasid Empire Muslim Social Pyramid Muslim Economy • Based on Trade • Being a merchant was an honor because Muhammad was a merchant. • Traders traded along the silk road with China and India

21. The Golden Age of Muslim Civilization: The Abbasid Empire • Algebra developed (Al-Jabr) • 20X + 100 = 300 • Astronomy: Observed Earth turning and measure its circumference • Set up hospitals • Doctors must pass tests • Wrote over 4000 prescriptions for disease treatment Science, Math, and Medicine

22. The Golden Age of Muslim Civilization Art and Architecture • Use beautiful writing and geometric patterns to decorate buildings and art • Adapt Byzantine domes and arches • Minarets: slender towers outside of mosques to call the faithful to prayer.

23. The Golden Age of Muslim Civilization Art and Architecture Inside the Blue Mosque

24. The Golden Age of Muslim Civilization Art and Architecture Inside the Blue Mosque