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Mathematical analysis of historical data

Mathematical analysis of historical data Darin Detwiler ddetwiler@lwsd.org USS Razorback (SSN-394) USS TRITON 1960 Circumnavigation USS TRITON (SSN-586) “Men,

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Mathematical analysis of historical data

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  1. Mathematical analysis of historical data Darin Detwiler ddetwiler@lwsd.org

  2. USS Razorback (SSN-394)

  3. USS TRITON 1960 Circumnavigation

  4. USS TRITON (SSN-586)

  5. “Men, I know you’ve all been waiting to learn what this cruise is about, and why we’re still headed southeast. Now, at last, I can tell you that we are going on the voyage which all submariners have dreamed of ever since they possessed the means of doing so. We have the ship and we have the crew. We’re going around the world, nonstop. And we’re going to do it entirely submerged.”

  6. In 1522, Ferdinand Magellan made history as the first man to circumnavigate the globe. Sort of.. • Magellan actually died during the journey. • Setting out in September 1519 with 5 ships and 270 men. • Crossed the Atlantic and then around South America. • Four months later, suffering from starvation, thirst, and disease, the explorers reached the Philippines. • Magellan's voyage ended there when he was killed by the natives in the midst of a tribal war. • Sebastian del Cano took command of what was left of the expedition, and eventually made it back to Europe with one ship and 18 crew members.

  7. Captain Edward L. Beach, USN, and the Triton Circumavigation (1960) Official U.S. Navy photo 021201-N-0000B-003 [US Naval Institute ] < http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:021201-N-0000B-003.jpg >

  8. According to the official ship's log, the Triton actually made its 35,979-mile trip around the world in 60 days and 21 hours. Triton (SSN-586) in dry dock at the Puget Sound Naval Shipyard (Near Seattle, WA, circa November, 2007.)

  9. Dr. Bob Ballard Renowned oceanographer Dr Bob Ballard stunned the world in 1985 when, acting as a secret agent on a classified intelligence operation for the US Navy, he discovered the wreck of the Titanic.A reservist in the Navy, Ballard’s mission was to investigate two Cold War tragedies from the 1960s, the loss of the US nuclear submarines, Thresher and Scorpion. The Navy had granted Ballard permission to search for Titanic only if there was time left after his mission. Under this agreement, he had 12 days left to hunt for the liner.

  10. USS THRESHER (SSN-593)

  11. On April 10, 1963, the USS Thresher, the lead ship of a new class of nuclear-powered attack submarines, was conducting sea trials off the coast of New England with another ship, the USS Skylark (ASR-20). The two ships were in communication by means of underwater sound telephone. At 0747 the USS Thresher started a deep dive. Everything was fine until 0913. At this time the USS Thresher sent this message. "We are experiencing minor difficulties, we have a positive up angle, and are attempting to blow. Will keep you informed". At 0916 & 0917 respectively, the USS Skylark received two garbled messages followed shortly by SONAR detection of a high energy, low frequency disturbance. This disturbance was the crushing of the USS Thresher as it had fallen below crush depth. One hundred twenty nine men had perished, including crew members, PNSY Officer Observers, PNSY civilian workers and contractor technicians. USS Thresher 41°44'N 64°57’W Location: approx. 220 miles east of Boston, Mass. in approx. 8,400 feet of water

  12. USS SCORPION (SSN-589)

  13. . "With nearly eight years of U.S. naval service to its credit, Scorpion left Norfolk, Virginia, on February 15, 1968, for exercises in the Mediterranean. On May 21 all was well. Scorpion radioed its position: about 50 miles (81 kilometers) south of the Azores. On May 22 it lay in pieces beneath 10,000 feet (3,048 meters) of water, each section resting in the crater of its own impact. All 99 men aboard were lost. The Navy didn’t suspect trouble until May 27, when the submarine failed to return to Norfolk as scheduled. A search was launched, Scorpion was officially pronounced “presumed lost” on June 5, and efforts to locate the sub continued into the fall. USS Scorpion 33°40'23.56"N 32°35'6.26"W Location: about 400 miles southwest of the Azores In approx. 10,000 feet of water.

  14. If you go 33ft deep into water, the pressure increases by “one atmosphere” For every atmosphere, pressure increases by approximately 15 pounds per square inch Depth / Atmospheres / Pressure Sea pressure = depth (in feet) divided by 33ft, multiplied by 15psi

  15. The RMS Titanic The remains of the Titanic were found in 1985 by Dr. Robert Ballard, an oceanographer and marine biologist with the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. When he located the Titanic, he saw that, as some survivors reported, the ship had broken apart. He believed the weight of the water-filled bow raised the stern out of the water and snapped the ship in two just before it sank. Debris falling out of the ship was strewn over a 1/2 mile across the sea floor. The bow and the stern were found nearly 2000ft. apart. He recorded her coordinates as, stern section sits on ocean floor at 41o43'35" N, 49o56'54" W, boilers at 41o43'32" N, 49o56'49" W, bow at 41o43'57" N, 49o56'49" W.

  16. USS PUEBLO– The Forgotten Historical Event of 1968 By Darin Detwiler © 1997 http://schools.lwsd.org/best/Darin/pueblo/ On January 23, 1968,the Pueblo, with eighty-one crew members and two civilian oceanographers, was collecting intelligence and oceanographic information in international waters off the North Korean coastline.  North Korean patrol boats attacked, boarded and seized control of the ship, then forced her into Wonsan harbor, killing one crew member and injuring several others, including Bucher, before placing the crew in confinement.[1] The aircraft carrier USS Enterprise and two others were about 800 nautical miles away, with more than 100 jets capable of reaching the Pueblo in less than an hour.[3]  Unfortunately, the Enterprise crew knew nothing of the Pueblo’s existence.[4]

  17. On December 23, 1968, after the U.S. signed a statement accepting responsibility for espionage, the North Koreans released the eighty-two survivors.[2]  These men returned home to mixed public opinions and a military inquiry about how they handled the attack and about their signing of false confessions.  While the crew and the Navy maintained that the Pueblo was miles outside North Korean territorial waters, Korean claimed that the vessel was well within North Korea’s territory at the time of its capture. The mission statement allowed her to approach within a nautical mile of that limit. North Korea, however, claims a 50 nautical mile sea boundary even though international standards are 12 nautical miles.[5] Today, some thirty years after her capture, the USS Pueblo still remains in North Korea. 

  18. Miles and Nautical Miles • 1 nautical miles = 1852 meters. A nautical mile is 6,076.11549... feet in length. • A Nautical Mile is 1/60th of a degree or one minute of latitude. • 1 miles = 1 609.344 meters. A statute mile is 5,280 feet in length. • To convert from statute to nautical miles a factor of 1.15 is generally used, even though it is not precise. • (5,280 feet X 1.15) = 6,072 feet (4.11549...feet less than 1 nautical mile).You could add 4.1 feet for each statute mile to be converted. So the new formula would be: {(5280 feet x 1.15)+ 4.1 feet} divided by 6,076.1 feet = 1 nautical mile.

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