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Scope of public health act in protecting the health of the community

Scope of public health act in protecting the health of the community. By DR.I.SELVARAJ, I.R.M.S B.SC., M.B.B.S., D.P.H (MADRAS MEDICAL COLLEGE).,D.I.H.,PGCH&FW (NIHFW, New Delhi) Sr.D.M.O (SELECTION GRADE OFFICER) ON STUDY LEAVE Post Graduate student in M.D Community Medicine

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Scope of public health act in protecting the health of the community

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  1. Scope of public health act in protecting the health of the community

  2. By DR.I.SELVARAJ, I.R.M.S B.SC., M.B.B.S., D.P.H (MADRAS MEDICAL COLLEGE).,D.I.H.,PGCH&FW (NIHFW, New Delhi) Sr.D.M.O (SELECTION GRADE OFFICER) ON STUDY LEAVE Post Graduate student in M.D Community Medicine SREE RAMACHANDRA MEDICAL COLLEGE & RESEARCH INSTITUTE,CHENNAI,TAMILNADU

  3. Dr.I.Selvaraj

  4. 1.The effectiveness of public health service to the community depends on the way the public health laws prevailing in the community. 2. Political support 3. People co-operation 4.Public health laws includes very many acts (MTP Act, Prenatal Diagnostic sex determination act, Indian medical council Act ,Indian nursing council Act, Indian Pharmacy act, PFA Act, Public health Act etc.,) 5. In this presentation the importance public health act and its role in the health of the community will be discussed. 6. The public health managers and community medicine experts have to play a key role in this field 7. This presentation which I made it as a gift to public health personnel and community medicine experts in my country. This will enrich their knowledge while teaching undergraduates and post graduates in community medicine, and post graduate diploma in public health. 8. This presentation will be able to disseminate various sections and other provisions of Tamil Nadu public health act to the public health specialists and make them to understand their importance in the community.

  5. PUBLIC HEALTH Public health is what we, as a society, do collectively to assure the conditions for people to be healthy.”

  6. TEN ESSENTIAL PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICES • Develop policies, and plans that support individual and community health efforts • Diagnose & Investigate the health problems & Health hazards in the community • Mobilize community partnerships • Inform, educate,& empower people about health issues • Link people to needed personnel health services and assure the provision of comprehensive health care when otherwise unavailable • Assure a competent public health & personnel health care workforce • Monitor health status to identify the community health problems • Monitoring & evaluation of population based health care services • Operational research to find out new innovative solution to the health problems • Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety Courtesy- Super Course

  7. SIX PUBLIC HEALTH RESPONSIBILITIES • Prevention of epidemics & spread of disease • Protection of people against environmental Hazards • Prevention of injuries • Promotion & encouragement of healthy behavior changes • Quick response to the disaster & to assist the communities in recovery phase • To assure quality, accessible, and affordable comprehensive health care services Courtesy- Super Course

  8. THE TAMIL NADU PUBLIC HEALTH ACT (1939) • A Pioneering Act – 1939 • Steered by Great Scholar and Minister for Health Dr.T.S.S.Rajan • The Death Relief Act • To improve the Health of the people of Madras province

  9. Highlights of Tamilnadu public health act

  10. Vision Healthy people in healthy community • Mission • To promote physical and mental health • To prevent disease, injury, and disability • Goal • Prevention of disease • Prolongation of life • Improvement of quality of life • Elimination of health disparity • Organizing community efforts to achieve above

  11. THE TAMIL NADU PUBLIC HEALTH ACT (1939) • Chapters – 15 • Sections – 145 • Schedules – 2

  12. Public health board • The Minister of public health • The Minister of local administration • Three members of the Tamil Nadu legislatures nominated by the Government • The Director of Public Health • Surgeon General • The sanitary engineer • One more state Government officer nominated by the Government

  13. The Main Focus on:- • Environmental Health • Communicable Disease Control • Food Hygiene • Maternity & Child Health measures

  14. Environmental Health:- • Water • Drainage • Housing • Rats, Mice and Mosquito control • Nuisance • Sanitation

  15. Water • Establishment of Technical Assistance for maintenance of Water works. • Surveillance of Water sources • Control over bottled water supply • Govt. ensure local authority to provide adequate continuous, wholesome water (Sec. 17, 18, 19) • Role of Govt. and other authorities in Water supply (Sec. 20, 21) • Role of Railway Administration (Sec.22) • Periodical Examination of Water (23) • Action over the unsanitary sources (24) • Prevention of Pollution of Water (36, 57) • Supply of Water during Fair or Festival (120) • Control over Private Water Sources (124)

  16. Drainage:- • Responsibility of Local authority and private in construction of Drains and Cesspool (27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32) • Prevention of Let out of Sullage in the Streets (34) • Prevention of Disposal of injurious refuse into the Drain (35)

  17. H o u s i n g :- Prohibition of Occupation of House • If it is without water supply (26) • If it is without Drain (33) • If there is nuisance (46) • If there is notified disease (63, 70) • If it is unfit for Habituation (96) • Prohibition of Over crowding (98, 99, 100) • Not to be erected on certain places (94) • Registration, Renewal and Maintenance of Lodging House (101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106) • New house should be provided with sanitary conveniences (38)

  18. Communicable Diseases: List of infectious diseases - Section- (52)

  19. List of Notified Diseases SECTION-(62)

  20. Information by Medical practitioners (56) • Persons responsible for giving information (64) • Appointment of Health staff, medicines appliances (53) • Isolation wards, ambulance (54, 155) • Disposal of bodies of person died from notified diseases (74) • Venereal diseases control (78,79) • a) Provision of Diagnosis and Treatment (78) • b) Education of Patients (79) • Destruction of Rats and Mice (77) • Prevention of spread of disease (57, 58, 59, 60, 61) • To prevent spread of disease in public places (63, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 75) • Control of other Diseases during Epidemic and Endemic (81)

  21. Mosquito control - • Prevention of Mosquito breeding (83) • Protection of Anti Mosquito works (86) • Power to entry and inspect (85,86) S a n i t a t i o n :- • Responsibility of Local authority to provide Sanitary conveniences (37, 40) • ProvisionSanitary arrangements during Fairs and Festival (120) • Provision of Sanitary conveniences in Houses (28, 39) Maternity & child health • Local authority is responsible in providing these services (82)

  22. Food control • Section 107-A– prohibition of sale of food without license in certain places (Hotel, Tea shop, Coffee house, Café, Refreshment room, Mobile canteen, or catering establishment) • Section-108 – No person shall keep store or prepare for sale any animal intended for human consumption which is diseased • If any child < 7 years of age commits offence u/s 108 (1), the employer or the parent of the child are punishable as if the offence was committed by him (Sec.109) • Section -112deals with the power of the health officer to enter premises used for food trade • Section-113 deals with power of the health officer to deal with infected vendors • Meat Hygiene (110, 111) • Milk and Dairy products (114, 115) • There is provision for prohibition of sale of unsound foods, power of the Health Officer to enter premises used for food and power of the Health Officer or a person duly authorized by him to destroy such food article and to incorporate expenses for such destruction from the owner himself.

  23. FAIRS & FESTIVALS • Notification of Fairs & Festivals (116) • Levy of pilgrim tax and vehicle toll (117 & 118)) • Authority i/c of Festival to notify HO not less than 60 days in advance to the commencement (119.1) • Sanitary arrangements (120. 1 - 12) • Demarcation & Preparation of site / Roads • Cleaning & Draining • Drinking (&Cooking) Water Supply • Accommodation for pilgrims • Lighting • Supply of wholesome food at reasonable price • Collection, removal & disposal of refuse • Provision & maintenance of latrines • Detection and segregation of cases of Infectious diseases. • Medical Relief • Others as may be specified

  24. SECTION-(121) - Supervision & Control of arrangements by HO or Authorized Persons SECTION (122) HO or Authorized Persons to Seize & destroy any food believed to be unwholesome(& perishable or value does not exceed Rs3/-) • If not destroyed by HO, to be produced to prescribed authority for destruction if unwholesome or for analysis to ascertain the fitness for human consumption In any case, the expenditure to be paid by the person concerned • SECTION 123 • The local authority may, in case of emergency with the sanction of the District Collector, depute any person to enter upon, occupy and use, without resorting to Land Acquisition Act, 1894 any land or any building not being a Dwelling house in the notified Fair or Festival Centre which in the opinion of the Health Officer, is required and suitable for any purposes connected with the Fair or Festival, such as the construction of Pilgrim sheds, Water sheds, Hospitals, Segregation sheds, Latrines and the like……….. This provision is unique for Public Health Act. • HO can direct to disinfect / close any Private Water Source (124) • In default, HO can take necessary action and the expenditure to be recovered from the person (124) • En route Arrangements, Where large number of persons halt on their way to or return from a festival site (125)

  25. N u i s a n c e:- • Nuisances and the powers of Health Officer for abatement of Nuisances (41 to 49) • Any premises in such a state as to be prejudicial to health or a nuisance (41.1) • Any pond, pool, latrine, watercourse which is so foul or in such a state as to be prejudicial to health or nuisance (41.2) • Any accumulation or deposit of refuse which is prejudicial to health or a nuisance (41.4) • Any factory or work place is not provided with adequate ventilation or not clean or not free from noxious effluence or over crowded while work is carried as to be prejudicial to health of those employed therein (41.5) • Any fire place or furnace which does not as far as predictable consume the smoke arising from the combustible used therein (41.6) • Any chimney sending forth smoke in such quantity as to be a nuisance (41.7) • Any noise, vibration, dust, irritating smell or offensive odour produced by a factory or work place which is nuisance to the neighborhood(41.8) • It deals with inspection from time to time to detect nuisance(42) • Section-45 deals with power of the health officer to abate nuisance by serving notice to defaulter or the premises owner • Section – 47 deals with the powers of the health officer for disposal of articles removed it while abating nuisance • Section-48 deals with the power of entry of any executive or any officer from the public health department • Deposition of Rubbish in streets (51)

  26. Power of Entry 48. a:If the entry is related to Abatement of Nuisance: Any premises not to enter between sunset and sunrise except when the nuisance is committed between sunset and sun rise 48. b:In cases of dwelling houses • Consent of the occupier is obtained • 24 hrs. Prior notice has been issued If the entry is related to Notifiable diseases Section 65.1:Any premises • Without any notice in cases of factories, workshops, work places, business houses • After issuing a reasonable notice in other cases and in case of dwelling house Entry relating to Mosquito Control: Section 88: Entry at reasonable time after issuing notice Entry relating to Lodging Houses: Section 106.2: Entry at all times – Manager to allow Entry relating to Food Control: Section 112.1: Anytime – Day or Night – without notice Any person who prevents lawful entry shall be punishable with simple imprisonment (up to 1 month) or fine (Rs. Five Hundred) or both” (section 135)

  27. General Guidelines for Enforcement of the Act • Periodic Inspection of the Places, Premises or Institutions etc., • Investigation of Complaints related to Public Health matters • Taking note of Violations, omissions, Nuisances, failure to adopt conditions or precautions etc., - if any • Advising to rectify the above • Taking action – if required (64 penalties) described in this schedule • Penalty ranges from 10 rupees to 1000 rupees)

  28. Method of Taking Action • Taking note of Violations, omissions, Nuisances, failure to adopt conditions or precautions etc., - if any • Issue of Notice: a) The time limit prescribed b) Method of writing and serving • Power of Entry and Inspection • If replied – Inspection and Acceptance of reply If not replied– to remind if desirable • compounding as may be permissible • In default / not compounded – Prosecution

  29. Procedure for prosecution

  30. Miscellaneous • Power to compound Offences (138.A) • Power of Police Officer to arrest offenders (139) • Power of Health officers, Public health Staff to arrest Offenders (140) • Punishment for malicious abuse of powers (143)

  31. Penalties • Breach of rules (129) • Breach o by-laws (132) • Offences under the Act (134.1) &Schedule I &II • Preventing entry (135)

  32. STRENGTHENING OF PUBLIC HEALTH ACT

  33. CONCLUSION: The developing countries have to develop a model Public Health Act and modifications and amendments if and when necessary could be made at the appropriate time and appropriate level. Public Health Act if it has any weak areas, It has to be identified andmodified by suitable amendment to suit the present needs. Acknowledgement: 1.Supercourse 2.Dr .P. Krishnamurthy Rtd. Director of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Government of Tamil Nadu - Chennai 600 006 3. Tamil Nadu Public health Act, 1939 4. Dr G. Palani, Professor, Department of community medicine, SRMC&RI

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