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Taxonomy:

Taxonomy:. The Classification of Organisms. Why Do We Classify?. To group and name organisms logically Why not use common names? Puma Cougar Mountain lion Panther What is it? … Felis concolor. How Do We Classify?. Three methods have been used:

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Taxonomy:

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  1. Taxonomy: The Classification of Organisms

  2. Why Do We Classify? • To group and name organisms logically • Why not use common names? • Puma • Cougar • Mountain lion • Panther • What is it? … Felis concolor

  3. How Do We Classify? • Three methods have been used: • Traditional classification – groups based on physical similarities • Evolutionary classification – groups based on evolutionary history • Molecular classification – groups based on similarities in DNA or RNA

  4. Appendages Conical Shells Crustaceans Gastropod Crab Crab Limpet Limpet Barnacle Barnacle Molted exoskeleton Segmentation Tiny free-swimming larva TRADITIONAL CLASSIFICATION EVOLUTIONARY CLASSIFICATION

  5. Domain … Kingdom … Phylum … Class … Order … Family … Genus (genera) … Species … Eukarya Animalia Chordata Mammalia Carnivora Ursidae Ursus Ursus arctos The Taxonomic Categories

  6. Which is the most inclusive taxon? Grizzly bear Black bear Giant panda Red fox Abert squirrel Coral snake Sea star KINGDOM Animalia PHYLUM Chordata CLASS Mammalia ORDER Carnivora FAMILY Ursidae GENUS Ursus SPECIES Ursus arctos Taxon = each level of organization Which is the least inclusive taxon?

  7. DOMAIN ARCHAEA DOMAIN EUKARYA Kingdoms Eubacteria Archaebacteria Protista Plantae Fungi Animalia DOMAIN BACTERIA The Domains & Kingdoms

  8. Classification of Living Things DOMAIN KINGDOM CELL TYPE CELL STRUCTURES NUMBER OF CELLS MODE OF NUTRITION EXAMPLES Bacteria Eubacteria Prokaryote Cell walls with peptidoglycan Unicellular Autotroph or heterotroph Streptococcus, Escherichia coli Archaea Archaebacteria Prokaryote Cell walls without peptidoglycan Unicellular Autotroph or heterotroph Methanogens, halophiles Protista Eukaryote Cell walls of cellulose in some; some have chloroplasts Most unicellular; some colonial; some multicellular Autotroph or heterotroph Amoeba, Paramecium, slime molds, giant kelp Fungi Eukaryote Cell walls of chitin Most multicellular; some unicellular Heterotroph Mushrooms, yeasts Eukarya Plantae Eukaryote Cell walls of cellulose; chloroplasts Multicellular Autotroph Mosses, ferns, flowering plants Animalia Eukaryote No cell walls or chloroplasts Multicellular Heterotroph Sponges, worms, insects, fishes, mammals Figure 18-12, p. 459

  9. What is the main difference between the domains Bacteria & Archaea? • Which domain includes only eukaryotes? • Which kingdom includes only organisms without cell walls? • Which kingdom includes Amoeba and Paramecium? • Which two kingdoms include heterotrophs? • Which kingdom includes halophiles (and thermophiles)? • Which kingdom includes organisms that all have chloroplasts?

  10. Binomial Nomenclature • Each species is assigned a two-part name – its “scientific name” • Genus (capitalized, can be abbreviated by first letter) • Species (not capitalized) • Always written in italics • Examples: • Ursus arctos (grizzly bear) • E. coli (a bacterium)

  11. Review • The classification of organisms is called … • Why don’t scientists use common names? • What type of classification is based on genetic information? • List the eight taxonomic categories, from most inclusive to least inclusive. • Name the two parts of a scientific name. • How are scientific names written?

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