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Mobile & embedded system: Introduction

Mobile & embedded system: Introduction. Lin Zhong ELEC424, Fall 2010. System vs. processor/IC vs. “chip”. System Ready to interface with the physical world, including human users Usually has non-computing components Battery, display, microphone, motor, etc. System > Chip >=processor/IC

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Mobile & embedded system: Introduction

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  1. Mobile & embedded system:Introduction Lin Zhong ELEC424, Fall 2010

  2. System vs. processor/IC vs. “chip” • System • Ready to interface with the physical world, including human users • Usually has non-computing components • Battery, display, microphone, motor, etc. • System > Chip >=processor/IC • Non silicon components hard to integrate into chip: “Board” vs. “Chip” • System on a chip (SoC) • Processor + silicon components of a system

  3. Embedded systems • Physical • Component of a larger system • Functional • More or less fixed set of applications • Programming • Foreign application development • Code compile on a different computer • Not necessarily small, inexpensive or standalone • What are not embedded systems? • Super computers, servers • Personal computers • A rough definition of embedded systems • A computing system that is not called super computer, server, or personal computer

  4. Great computing capacity Established social acceptance Individual ownership Unbeatable portability Moore’s Law Mobile systems Display Wireless HCI Battery

  5. Samsung S5L8900 412MHz 128MB RAM/8-16GB Flash WiFi, Bluetooth 2.0, 3G 4.7 oz Intel Pentium MMX 233MHz 64MB RAM/4GB Disk Ethernet 14 pounds Computing capacity Apple iPhone (2008) IBM Thinkpad 770 (1998)

  6. Established social acceptance Source: ITU/Business Today • 60% population have a cell phone (2009) • 3.3 billions (ITU 2008) • 800 millions accessed Internet through phones • 80% population live under cellular network coverage (2006) • 90% phone lines in Africa are mobile phones

  7. But… • Limited I/O capacity • Between the device & its physical context • Especially its user! • No Moore’s Law for human capacity • Limited battery capacity • No Moore’s Law for battery capacity • Limited heat dissipation capacity • No Moore’s Law for thermodynamics • Limited human attention

  8. Computing vs. human performance Sources: intel.com and factmonster.com

  9. Computing vs. humanity Source: Intel.com and dol.gov

  10. Text entry speed Raw speeds do not improve

  11. Samsung S5L8900 412MHz 128MB RAM/8-16GB Flash WiFi, Bluetooth 2.0, 3G 4.7 oz Intel Pentium MMX 233MHz 64MB RAM/4GB Disk Ethernet 14 pounds If you could use only one computer Apple iPhone (2008) IBM Thinkpad 770 (1998)

  12. Limited battery capacity • Mobile devices are weight-sensitive • Battery density increases about 10% annually • 1950 Nickel Cadmium (NiCd) • 1990 Nickel-metal Hydride (NiMH) • 1991 Lithium Ion (Li-ion) • 1999 Li-ion Polymer • Most devices have battery capacity within 1500mAh, typically slightly more than 1000mAh (@3-5V) • Nokia 9500 communicator: 1300mAh (@3-5V) Li-ion Polymer, 172 grams • Dell Latitude D610: 4700mAh (@11V) Li-ion, 2300 grams

  13. Limited heat transfer capacity • No active thermal management • Better packaging material • Energy storage with phase-change materials Thermal management of a thin laptop Source: Intel Technology Journal Water cooling of a high-end PC Source: water-cooling.com

  14. A hot case: 3-Watt Nokia 3120 Every one Watt increases surface temperature by about 13 deg C Phone case temperature will be 40 deg C higher.

  15. Design challenges • Limited I/O capacity • No Moore’s Law for human capacity • Limited battery capacity • No Moore’s Law for battery capacity • Limited heat dissipation capacity • No Moore’s Law for thermodynamics • Limited human attention

  16. Design challenges (Contd.) • It is NOT about computing Source: Dr. Cutler and Nokia.com 9000 9500 9210 9110

  17. Design challenges (Contd.) • It is about • Integrating heterogeneous components • Making computing (energy) efficient • Low-power design • Thermal management • Making computing useful • Make users more productive • Make users healthier • Make them happier • Get more users

  18. ELEC424 in ECE curriculum System integration

  19. Major components • System • Board, system on chip, • Embedded computing • ARM, TI MSP430 • Low-power design • Real-time concepts • Control • Non-computing elements • Sensors, batteries, displays etc. • Human factors • System development • Windows Mobile, Linux, iPhone • Applications • Health, automobile, telecommunication, entertainment etc.

  20. From Tilt 1 to Tilt 2 • Tilt 1 was a sensor node • Tilt 2 will be the control system for a Quadrotor

  21. New this year (Contd.) Lectures & homework Project building a complete embedded system

  22. Build a complete embedded system • System and function design • Printed circuit board design & fabrication • Board assembly • Operating system installation • Program

  23. Administrative info. • Homework 10% • Participation 10% • Presentation 20% • In class quiz 10% • Mid term 20% • Final 30%

  24. Blink check point • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MOJyYXPwe-E

  25. Tilt check point • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s7OANI1LelE

  26. Balance check point • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4kmJuIE8G8U

  27. Lift and balance • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n6uC6AasfJo

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