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Unit 9: Astronomy

Unit 9: Astronomy. Earth Science, Chapters 21-24. Unit Big Idea/Essential Questions. Entire universe is driven by energy: gravity and electromagnetism. Essential Questions 1.How is the Doppler Effect used to explain movement of the universe?

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Unit 9: Astronomy

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  1. Unit 9: Astronomy Earth Science, Chapters 21-24

  2. Unit Big Idea/Essential Questions • Entire universe is driven by energy: gravity and electromagnetism. • Essential Questions1.How is the Doppler Effect used to explain movement of the universe? • 2. Explain stellar evolution and how spectroscopes can identify material in a star. • 3. How has the view of the universe changed over time? ES Standards: 4.1, 4.2, 4.3

  3. Key Vocabulary • Aphelion • Declination • Geocentric • Heliocentric • Perihelion • Retrograde motion • Revolution • Rotation • Escape Velocity • Maria • Solar Nebula • Doppler Effect • Nuclear Fusion • Spectroscopy • Absolute/Apparent magnitude • Nebula

  4. Golden Age of Astronomy • Centered in Greece • Used geometry and trigonometry • Geocentric View and Ptolemaic System • Aristotle- Earth is spherical • Eratosthenes- Size of Earth • Aristarchus- Distances from Earth • Hipparchus- Star Catalogue

  5. Modern Astronomy • Copernicus and Heliocentric View • Tycho Brahe and stellar parallax • Kepler and Elliptical orbits • Galileo • Netwon and Laws of Motion

  6. Law of Universal Gravitation

  7. Law of Universal Gravitation • Fgravity= G(m1m2/d2) • Gravitational Constant (G): • 6.67 x 10-11 N*m2/kg2 • Calculate force between an object with 50 kg and another object with 50 kg that are .75 m away from each other. • What is the force when the distance is 2500 m? • What happened to the Force of gravity as distance increased?

  8. Positions in the Sky • 2 mapping Systems • Constellations • Equatorial (declination and right ascension) • Motions of Earth • Rotation • Revolution • Earth-Moon System

  9. Origins of the Solar System • Theories • Big Bang • Nebula • Terrestrial vs. Jovian Planets • Earth’s Moon • Theory of formation • Lunar Surface

  10. Signals From Space • Electromagnetic Spectrum • Physics of Light • Spectrums • Continuous • Dark-Line • Bright-Line • Doppler Effect • Telescopes • Optical • Non-Optical

  11. Sun • Structure • Interior • Visible Surface: photosphere • Atmosphere: chromosphere and corona • Activity • Sunspots • Prominences • Flares

  12. Stars

  13. Question of the Day • How do caves form?

  14. Groundwater • Rate of movement and amount depends on • Porosity • Permeability • Aquitards • Aquifers

  15. Glaciation • Two types • Glacial Movement • Zone of accumulation • Zone of wastage • Erosion by plucking and abrasion

  16. Glacial Features via Erosion • Glacial Trough • Hanging Valleys • Cirques • Aretes • Horns • Fjords

  17. Question of the Day • What are the differences between continental glaciers and alpine glaciers?

  18. Depositional Features • Till vs. Stratified Drift • Glacial Erratics • Moranines • Outwash Plains • Drumlins • Eskers • Kames • Kettle Lakes

  19. Causes of Glaciation • Plate Tectonics • Changes in Earth’s Orbit • Changes in output energy from Sun • Albedo and Atmosphere composition

  20. Wind Erosion and Deposition • Deflations and Abrasion • Loess • Sand Dunes

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