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A New Pan-Cultural Facial Expression of Emotion Paper from Paul Ekman and Wallace V. Friesen

CS6998: Topics in Speech Processing: Computational Approaches to Emotional Speech, Fall 2009. A New Pan-Cultural Facial Expression of Emotion Paper from Paul Ekman and Wallace V. Friesen. Presented By, Ankit Ranka Oct 19, 2009. Topics. Universal Expressions Past and Present Views

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A New Pan-Cultural Facial Expression of Emotion Paper from Paul Ekman and Wallace V. Friesen

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  1. CS6998: Topics in Speech Processing: Computational Approaches to Emotional Speech, Fall 2009 A New Pan-Cultural Facial Expression of EmotionPaper from Paul Ekman and Wallace V. Friesen Presented By, Ankit Ranka Oct 19, 2009

  2. Topics • Universal Expressions • Past and Present Views • Contempt Vs Disgust • Contempt – A Universal Expression ? • Methodology • Results • Contempt and Related Emotion • Discussion • Open Questions

  3. Universal Expressions • Anger • Disgust (Same as Contempt ?) • Fear • Happiness • Sadness • Surprise

  4. Past and Present Views • The facial expression is determined totally by social factors? (Bridwhistell, 1970) • Is it necessary to consider biological expressions? (Ekman, 1973) • There is unique, highly recognizable, pan-cultural facial expression for six universal emotions.

  5. Contempt Vs. Disgust • Properties of Contempt – • It has not been observed in other primates. • Contempt one of the last emotion to appear (?) • Involves Unilateral facial actions. • Disgust – • One of the Pan Cultural Emotion. • Involves only bilateral facial actions.

  6. Contempt – A Universal Expression? • Methodology • Three different emotions – • Tightening and Slightly raising the corner of the lip unilaterally. • The above expression bilaterally • Raising the entire lip slightly, without tightening or raising the lip corners

  7. The pictures were scored with Ekman and Friesen’s Facial Acting Coding Systems. • Subjects in each culture also saw other facial expressions (universal expressions) (why?) • Judgments were obtained in 10 countries – 2 non-western, 8 western cultures. • Emotion terms translated to native and again translated back to verify accurate translation.

  8. Results • Results for the six universal expression were same as the previous ones. • Isolation of one expression that depicts contempt – • ANOVA was computed with one factor as three contempt expressions. • The amount of variance accounted for by cultures was small. • Unilateral lip corner raise and tightened was judged 75% as contempt as compared to Bilateral.

  9. Contempt and Related Emotion • Subjects judge contempt as compared to some other expression more often or not? • Compared Unilateral Contempt expression with anger and disgust expression (why anger?) • A 3 X 10 ANOVA was computed • Expression with lip corner raised and tightened unilaterally was judged contempt much more often.

  10. Discussion • Limitation – • All subjects were college students • Less number of countries • Not tested on less educated or those not exposed to mass media • Not tested on preliterate, completely visually isolated subjects (feasible?)

  11. Open questions • Prior observations on contempt were wrong? • Whether contempt evolved same as other emotions that have universal expressions? • Contempt originated through specific constant learning?

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